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Origins of the Cold War. Why the USSR did not like / trust the US Capitalism – free market economy – disparity of wealth Capitalism – free market economy.

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Presentation on theme: "Origins of the Cold War. Why the USSR did not like / trust the US Capitalism – free market economy – disparity of wealth Capitalism – free market economy."— Presentation transcript:

1 Origins of the Cold War

2 Why the USSR did not like / trust the US Capitalism – free market economy – disparity of wealth Capitalism – free market economy – disparity of wealth Democracy Democracy Failure to invade Europe earlier Failure to invade Europe earlier Kept “bomb” secret from allies Kept “bomb” secret from allies

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4 Why the US did not like / trust the USSR Communism – no private property Communism – no private property Totalitarianism – no opposing political parties Totalitarianism – no opposing political parties Non-agression pact with Hitler in 1939 Non-agression pact with Hitler in 1939

5 Hope for Peace – UN is established in 1945

6 Truman succeeds FDR in 1945

7 Potsdam Conference Truman, Atlee, Stalin Truman, Atlee, Stalin Truman pushes for free elections in Poland as had been promised at Yalta Truman pushes for free elections in Poland as had been promised at Yalta Stalin refuses Stalin refuses

8 US goals for Europe Encourage democracy and capitalism Encourage democracy and capitalism Accees to markets and raw materials Accees to markets and raw materials Rebuild European govts. Rebuild European govts. Re-unify Germany Re-unify Germany

9 USSR goals for Europe Encourage communism Encourage communism Transfer industry to USSR Transfer industry to USSR control of eastern Europe (satellite nations) control of eastern Europe (satellite nations) Keep Germany divided, weak Keep Germany divided, weak

10 USSR installs communist govts in Albania, Bulgaria, Czech., Romania, Poland

11 Stalin, 1946: “communism and capitalism are incompatible” “war is inevitable” “communism and capitalism are incompatible” “war is inevitable” Focuses on military production rather than consumer goods Focuses on military production rather than consumer goods Beginning of the arms race Beginning of the arms race

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13 Containment US policy to stop the spread of communism through alliances and support for democracies US policy to stop the spread of communism through alliances and support for democracies

14 The Iron Curtain Imaginary line separating democracies of Western Europe from the communist countries of Eastern Europe Imaginary line separating democracies of Western Europe from the communist countries of Eastern Europe

15 Truman Doctrine Economic and military aid to countries trying to resist communism Economic and military aid to countries trying to resist communism Greece, Turkey Greece, Turkey

16 Marshall Plan Economic and humanitarian aid to Europe in exchange for removal of trade restrictions Economic and humanitarian aid to Europe in exchange for removal of trade restrictions

17 Berlin Airlift US supplies aid to Berlin following Soviet blockade US supplies aid to Berlin following Soviet blockade

18 NATO North Atlantic Treaty Alliance North Atlantic Treaty Alliance Military alliance of ten Western European nations Military alliance of ten Western European nations First peacetime alliance for US First peacetime alliance for US Soviets respond with the Warsaw Pact Soviets respond with the Warsaw Pact

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20 Cold War Heats Up Cold War Heats Up

21 Late 1930’s Communists and Nationalists in China suspend their civil war to fight common enemy - Japan Communists and Nationalists in China suspend their civil war to fight common enemy - Japan

22 1949 Despite US aid, nationalists are forced to flee to Taiwan Despite US aid, nationalists are forced to flee to Taiwan Communists in control of China Communists in control of China Containment had failed Containment had failed

23 1950 Communist North Korea invades democratic South Korea across the 38 th parallel Communist North Korea invades democratic South Korea across the 38 th parallel

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25 UN Security Council adopts a resolution calling for military aid to South Korea USSR is unable to veto due to boycott

26 International force (mostly US) forces communists back across 38 th parallel towards China China responds by sending troops and forcing US south

27 Major Battles Inchon Inchon Chosin Reservoir Chosin Reservoir Pusan Pusan

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29 March 1951 Communists pushed back to the 38 th parallel Communists pushed back to the 38 th parallel

30 MacArthur vs. Truman MacArthur calls for an attack on China MacArthur calls for an attack on China Truman disagrees, fears WWIII Truman disagrees, fears WWIII Truman fires MacArthur Truman fires MacArthur

31 War ends in 1953 Existing boundary between North and South Korea Existing boundary between North and South Korea Demilitarized zone Demilitarized zone

32 Win or Lose? Communist agression repulsed without WWIII Communist agression repulsed without WWIII N and S Korea still divided N and S Korea still divided

33 Costs of the war 54,000 lives 54,000 lives 22 billion $ 22 billion $ Democrats lose White House - IKE (R) elected in 1952 Democrats lose White House - IKE (R) elected in 1952

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35 Cold War at Home Cold War at Home

36 Red Scare Part II Fear of Communist influence in US Fear of Communist influence in US –Red Scare –subversion Fear of communist influence around the world Fear of communist influence around the world –containment

37 Loyalty Review Board Government agency created to seek out disloyal federal employees Government agency created to seek out disloyal federal employees Loyalty oaths Loyalty oaths

38 HUAC House Un-American Activities Committee House Un-American Activities Committee Investigated communist influence outside of government Investigated communist influence outside of government Hollywood 10 - blacklists Hollywood 10 - blacklists

39 Are you now, or have you ever been, a member of the Communist Party?

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41 McCarron Act Illegal to plan any act that could lead to a totalitarian dictatorship in the US Illegal to plan any act that could lead to a totalitarian dictatorship in the US

42 Famous Spy Cases

43 Alger Hiss Accused by Whitaker Chambers of selling secrets to the Soviets Accused by Whitaker Chambers of selling secrets to the Soviets Investigated by HUAC (Richard Nixon) Investigated by HUAC (Richard Nixon) Denied charges – later convicted of perjury and sentenced to 5 years in prison Denied charges – later convicted of perjury and sentenced to 5 years in prison

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45 The Rosenbergs Accused of selling atomic secrets to the Soviets Accused of selling atomic secrets to the Soviets Executed in electric chair 1953 Executed in electric chair 1953

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47 Senator Joseph McCarthy Accused hundreds of being communists (reds) or communist sympathizers (pinks) Accused hundreds of being communists (reds) or communist sympathizers (pinks)

48 McCarthyism Allegations without proof Allegations without proof Guilt by association – “If a man walks, like a duck, talks like a duck…” Guilt by association – “If a man walks, like a duck, talks like a duck…” Witch Hunt – Hysteria Witch Hunt – Hysteria Exposed by televised hearings Exposed by televised hearings

49 Two Nations Live on the Edge Two Nations Live on the Edge USSR: Stalin, Khruschev USSR: Stalin, Khruschev US: Truman, Eisenhower US: Truman, Eisenhower

50 Fear of nuclear war Air raid drills Air raid drills CONELRAD CONELRAD Bomb shelters Bomb shelters Fallout shelters Fallout shelters

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53 The race for the H-Bomb More powerful than the atom bomb More powerful than the atom bomb Opposed by many scientists (Oppenheimer) Opposed by many scientists (Oppenheimer)

54 Brinkmanship Willingness to go to the “brink of war” Willingness to go to the “brink of war” Leads to massive arms race Leads to massive arms race Both sides test and stockpile bombs, ICBMs Both sides test and stockpile bombs, ICBMs

55 Testing of H-Bombs

56 CIA Central Intelligence Agency Central Intelligence Agency Secret government agency Secret government agency Covert operations in 1950’s to oppose communism and support democracy Covert operations in 1950’s to oppose communism and support democracy Iran, Guatemala Iran, Guatemala

57 Geneva Summit Eisenhower proposes “open skies” Eisenhower proposes “open skies” Created hope for peace Created hope for peace

58 Crisis over Suez Canal Egypt seizes canal Egypt seizes canal France, GB, Israel invade Egypt France, GB, Israel invade Egypt

59 Soviets exert control over Hungary

60 Eisenhower Doctrine US will protect democracy in Middle East US will protect democracy in Middle East

61 Sputnik Soviet satellite Soviet satellite Caused fear in US, education reform Caused fear in US, education reform

62 U-2 Incident US spy plane shot down over USSR US spy plane shot down over USSR Francis Gary Powers imprisoned for espionage Francis Gary Powers imprisoned for espionage Embarrassment to IKE, US Embarrassment to IKE, US

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