1. WDFR Conference February 2015 Todd C Charnetzki DeLaval Inc 1

2. focus Wisconsin Sanitarian Meeting February 20152

3. Global Milk Products Trade Driving Quality Specifications * Exporting markets driven to highest international standard 3 China has replaced the US and become the biggest infant and young child formula milk powder consumer in the world 16% of US milk purchased by consumers outside of US (2013) Global dairy trade up 60% from 2005 to 2012

4. Fairlife Milk from Coca-Cola Milk will come from 92 family-owned farms Pursuing the highest standards of milk quality, agricultural sustainability and animal comfort Offers consumers a dairy option that is sourced from sustainable family farms

5. Coca Cola Selling Milk…..? Would have predicted that? 5

6. This is All Great for our Industry The Industry has always been “Good to the State” CMS PLUS+ campaign roll out6 Click icon to add picture

7. And Wisconsin Has Always Been A Major Influencer of the US Industry CMS PLUS+ campaign roll out7

8. Wisconsin Milk Products Are a Golden Opportunity for the State and to the World 8

9. Our Job is to Make Sure Each Tanker is “Golden”

10. How Do We Do It? We Eliminate the “Deducts” Continue to Decrease SCC Eliminate Self Imposed Barriers (NPE’s) React to New Issues (Spore Forming Bacteria)

11. © DeLaval 2003 Presentation Name/Ref 4/30/20154/30/2015 11 Teat dipping is the single greatest intervention step impacting the fight against mastitis !

12. Pre-Dipping is the First Step

13. Pre-Milking and Udder Preparation Goal  1) Milk a clean and dry teat  reduce mastitis: cow-to-cow transfer  reduce bacteria and soil contamination in milk  Minimize bacterial contamination of the teat  Procedure to stimulate let-down, complete milk-out, and minimize total time requirement

14. Proper Use of Good Pre / Post Dips will make this……

15. Look Like This to Bacteria

16. Why post dip? Teat dipping protocols may reduce mastitis rates 50-90% vs. no dipping Product should be matched to management, facility, and environment Germicide; concentration; emollients; barrier

17. Think of Post Dipping as………. Really, really early pre-dip! Preparing the cow for the next milking event Protecting the cow until the next milking event

18. Happening every 6,8,10,12 hours… Unit DetachPost dipEnter parlorExit parlor Eating, drinking, resting, etc. Pre-milking prepEnter holding pen Unit Attach Milking

19. We Have Some Challenges….. Recycled Manure is not going away Relatively Cheap Can be Comfortable Will Never be as good as Sand

20. NPE Hot Topic of 2014 NPE - a surfactant commonly used to complex iodine NPE banned in countries such as China Exporting of milk powders continues to increase yearly Exporters looking to eliminate NPE DeLaval decided years ago to remove NPE globally

21. Q & A Q. What does NPE stand for? A.Nonylphenol Ethoxylate 21

22. May 6 2014 Davisco advised suppliers that they were to be using NPE free Products by July 1, 2014 WDFRC February 10 201522 Processing Group of Davisco Sold to Agropur in July

23. What do you need to know about NPE’s? The EPA has a 13 page document to address them Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) are produced in large volumes, with uses that lead to widespread release to the aquatic environment. NPEs are nonionic surfactants that are used in a wide variety of industrial applications and consumer products. NPEs, though less toxic than NP, are also highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and in the environment degrade to more environmentally persistent NP. NP has also been detected in human breast milk, blood, and urine and is associated with reproductive and developmental effects in rodents. NPEs were once commonly used in household laundry detergents. EPA and the detergent manufacturers have cooperated to eliminate this use. However, NPEs are still widely used in large quantities in industrial laundry detergents and have some additional uses that lead to releases to water. Therefore, EPA intends to initiate action to address its concerns about potential ecological effects due to the manufacturing, processing, distribution in commerce, and uses of NP and NPEs. Additionally, EPA continues to have some concern about potential risk to human health. EPA anticipates that the actions put forward in this Action Plan will further reduce human exposure thereby reducing concerns associated with NP and NPEs. CMS PLUS+ campaign roll out23

24. Q&A Q. What are NPE’s? A.Non-ionic Surfactant Often used to complex iodine to make teat dips 24

25. Q& A Q. Why Are NPE’s a Concern A. Biodegradation, Aquatic Toxicity, Endocrine Disruptor, Infant formula, Trade 25

26. Q& A Q. Why Are NPE’s used A. Low Cost, Effective: cleaning, wetting, emulsifying, low human oral or dermal toxicity 26

27. NPE’S are a big deal WI Sanitarians February 10 201527

28. What are NPEs? Non-ionic Surfactant Numerous structural variations and trade names Names Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Octylphenol Ethoxylates NPE-9; NPE-12 Alkyphenol Ethoxylate Nonoxynol 9 USP; Nonoxynol 12 Commercial names: examples Igepal CO720; Triton X-15 28

29. NPE Biodegradation Concentration in waterways reduced by biodegradation or absorption Biodegrade under laboratory conditions but Do not degrade to meet classification of “readily biodegradable” Biodegrade to alkylphenol or phenol which remain aquatically toxic and are endocrine disruptors. There are varying conclusions on bio- accumulation. 29

30. NPE Where used Household products Removed from household laundry and hard surface 25 years ago Institutional Laundry – still a major use Institutional and Industrial Hard surface Still widely used External surface – too high foam for CIP Industrial Lubrications, ore floatation, etc EPA Sanitizers Approved for use in no-rinse food contact iodine and quat sanitizers FDA Pharmaceutical and drug compositions Spermicide Teat Dips Low cost, high foam, harsh on skin 30

31. Why the concern Biodegradation Aquatic Toxicity Endocrine Disruptor Infant formula Trade 31

32. NPE Aquatic Toxiciy Moderately toxic to toxic to fish and aquatic organisms depending on their structure. Higher ethoxylates NPE-9 and NPE-12 are less toxic than lower ethoxylates NPE-6, but Higher ethoxylates degrade to lower ethoxylates Nonylphenol is highly toxic 32

33. Endocrine disruptor NPE and NP are Endocrine Disruptors They mimic estrogen - estradiol Disrupt the normal balance of hormones NPs have a week effect, but concentrations can be sufficiently high to cause an issue.Estrogen and NP structures 33 Internal

34. Endocrine disruptor NPE and NP are Endocrine Disruptors NP can completely replace estrogen in estrogen receptors in rainbow trout Reduce male fertility Males lower testicular weight – produce Males may produce hormones that stimulate egg product Can interfere with pituitary gland. 34 Internal

35. Human Health Nonylphenol has estrogenic effects in the body. Hormone-like effects in both wildlife and humans. Binding to estrogen receptors and acting competitively against natural estrogens. Nonylphenol has been shown to mimic the natural hormone 17β-estradiol, 17β-estradiol It competes with the endogenous hormone for binding with the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. estrogen receptors 35 Internal

36. Public response What happens when the public learns about NPE? Milk from cows not treated with NPE Dip Is this the Future?

37. International Trade – the new standard <10 ppb for powdered infant formula: Demand from China 37

38. Trade Issue – not just the US 38

39. Let’s Make Sure We Use Only NPE Free Products On Wisconsin Dairies

40. The Next Big Thing: Spore Formers

42. 4/30/20154/30/2015 42 1.B. metiens spores, pH 7.0, 25 o C, O. Wyss, F.B. Strandskon, 1944 The Effect of Free Iodine on the Germicidal Activity of Iodine Teat Dip

43. Milk Quality Improvement Program at Cornell's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences the raw milk supply represents an important source of these (spore forming) spoilage bacteria

44. Cornell Research As spores, the bacteria can survive in dormant form for years despite the best practices in cleaning, processing and packaging. In fact, the bacteria may be uniquely adapted to overcome the twin tactics of dairy protection: pasteurization followed by refrigeration. According to co-author and research support specialist Nicole Martin, the spores are not only resistant to heat, the small jolt of heat during pasteurization may actually stimulate them to germinate. Some can reproduce in refrigerated dairy products at temperatures that would stymy other types of bacteria

45. Dealing with Spore Forming Bacteria: Eliminate Sources Normal Hygiene Practices Dip Teats Milk Clean Dry Teats Singe Udders Inoculate Silage Some Inoculants help control spore forming bacteria Control BioFilms

46. Biofilms – What are they? Biofilm is made from bacterial cells that can elevate the standard plate count and decrease the quality of milk as it flows through the pipeline. Biofilms are everywhere, from the plaque on your teeth to the slime on rocks in a creek to the slime that forms on the inside of a vase holding flowers. The medical and industrial communities have taken considerable interest lately in what biofilms are made of, how they form and how they thrive in adverse conditions.

47. 47 Biofilms – What are they? Simply put, biofilms are layers of bacterial growth that have attached to a surface and developed a protective shell, which shields them from detergents and sanitizers. They can typically be found wherever there is a flow of water or organic liquid. Researchers in the field of microbiology are finding that biofilms are much more complex, existing as "cities" of one or more types of bacteria that work together to gather, process and remove nutrients from their surroundings.

49. 49 Dealing with Biofilms Increasing detergent or sanitizer concentrations during your wash cycles if you suspect a biofilm problem. Increasing the frequency of acid washing your milk line to remove a biofilm. Paracetic acid (PAA), part of the family of peroxides, is an effective acid for cleaning milk lines, as it is a strong oxidizing agent, does not foam and rinses well from stainless steel surfaces. Premium Peroxide II is one product, there area others. But they are not silver bullets.

50. If We Keep our House in Order Here in Wisconsin 50 Click icon to add picture

51. And In US.. 51

52. The World is Our Oyster 52

53. We Have to Keep Playing Above the Rim

54. WDFR Conference February 2015 Thank You 54