1. TASK 2 Modeling & Simulation Fall 2013 Workflow web software to support decision making in building retrofit projects Workflow + Case Study: Building101 tools.eebhub.org | developer.eebhub.org

2. 2 4 Platform Tools with different analytical capabilities designed to engage the owner throughout a building retrofit lifecycle tools.eebhub.org

3. building owners building designers building auditors building analysts USERS DEVELOPERS 3 Inverse Modeling Toolkit Simulation Platform PEOPLE Design Advisor CoolVent Urban Weather Generator Portfolio Inverse Modeling Benchmarking Manufacturer Materials Energy Audit Tool iPad Audit Tool Parametric Analysis Toolkit Retrofit Manager integrates

4. 4 DATA FLOW among INPUTS from interface to platform RESULTS displayed in interface platform tools

5. Simulation Platform DATA utility data weather typical room shape of building 3D geometry, efficiency measures INPUTS Energy Use Intensity Benchmark with EnergyStar, CBECS, EIA, LEED Systems Benchmark OUTPUTS MEASURES > based on climate/budget 1-5 5-1530-5040-50 General System Components Breakdown SubSystems Audit Targeted SubSystem Replacement Investigation Installation Staging EUI actual vs. simulated Daylighting, Airflow, & all EnergyPlus Files Benchmarking Issues + EUI actual Systems Issues SubSystem to refine 5

6. 6 Retrofit Analysis

7. 7 Energy Use Intensity Cooling & Heating & Base Energy ASHRAE: Custom Equation & Regression for Building IBM: Overall Envelope R-value, Overall Air Change Rate Screened List of Candidate Buildings for Retrofit (through interactive triage) Comparisons with EPA EnergyStar Score, PNNL Asset Score Energy Conservation Measures by Budget Range, Climate Zone, Building Type EUI actual PARTIAL utility data gross floor area weather data LITE Inputs & Outputs Overall Envelope R-value Overall Air Change Rate Candidate Buildings for Retrofit +overall shape +lat/lon +window percentage property import

8. 8 PARTIAL LITE Screenshots Inverse model calculation of thermal parameters Simulation on thermal parameters Benchmarking & Triage for Retrofit candidate

9. 9 Specific list of ECM measures currently available for evaluation with this tool: %Improvement of overall envelope conduction parameter (R Value) %Improvement of overall convection parameter (air exchange rate) Additional ECM measures that will be available in December 2013: %Improvement of wall R-value, window U-value, roof R-value %Improvement of infiltration List significant difference of the IBM tool when compared to ASHRAE toolkit for inverse modeling and unique value that this tool is bringing to the retrofit market place: Energy balance based inverse modeling computes the two key envelope parameters: overall envelope conduction parameter (R Value) overall convection parameter (air exchange rate) GIS (geographic information systems) based benchmark and visualization tool allows users to Compare the energy performance of buildings in a portfolio and Screen a set of buildings as candidates for retrofits using the computed envelope parameters above, building performance indicators and other building characteristics so that the higher level tools (partial, substantial and comprehensive) can focus more on buildings that can substantially save more energy than others through retrofits. LITE Details

10. 10 Retrofit Analysis

11. PARTIAL Inputs & Outputs 11 Heating/cooling/lighting energy usage, occupant comfort, indoor air temperature with natural ventilation, room daylight distribution, lifecycle costs Retro-commissioning Savings Prediction System Components that need maintenance or operational Improvements 5-15 Low > No Cost Measures ECM Categories: O&M, Lighting/Daylighting, Plug/Process, Occupant, Envelope, HVAC Systems Percentage Breakdown Irregularities SUBSTANTIAL LITE EUI actual typical room dimensions +people, lighting, occupancy densities +windows, floor thermal mass, insulation

12. 12 SUBSTANTIAL LITE PARTIAL Screenshots

13. 13 Specific list of ECM measures currently available for evaluation with this tool: Structural retrofits: roof and wall insulation R-value, multiple window and glass coating options, multiple thermal mass options Building controls retrofits: light fixture dimming, heating and cooling set points, ventilation rates Additional ECM measures that will be available in December 2013: Improved natural ventilation simulation by incorporating MIT’s CoolVent software into Design Advisor engine Includes neighborhood weather conditions predicted by Urban Weather Generator Simplified retro-commissioning energy savings prediction algorithm based on building type, age and location List significant difference of the Design Advisor tool when compared to Simergy and unique value that this tool is bringing to the retrofit market place: Highly intuitive web interface allows first-time users to run a simulation within minutes Inputs limited to first-order effects and short simulation time allow rapid comparison of multiple retrofit options Includes retro-commissioning estimation based on historic data for past retro-commissioning before detailed study Includes weather conditions for specific urban neighborhood PARTIAL Details

14. 14 Retrofit Analysis

15. 15 shape of building HVAC system occupancy schedules 30-40 Low > Medium Cost Measures Calibrated Building Schedules, Power, Setpoints, U-values Impact of AHU supply air temperature on overall energy consumption allowing users to evaluate potential optimization of system control parameters ECM Categories: O&M, Lighting/Daylighting, Plug/Process, Occupant, Envelope, HVAC SubSystem Problem to focus on Promising Systems to fix COMPREHENSIVE PARTIAL +Hourly measured data + AHU supply & return air temp (energy consumption and sensor readings of subsystems) SUBSTANTIAL Inputs & Outputs iPad App to collect audit offline Lighting Consumption Electricity Consumption

16. 16 iPad App COMPREHENSIVE PARTIAL SUBSTANTIAL Screenshots

17. 17 Specific list of ECM measures currently available for evaluation with this tool: 40 calibrated values (left table) 47 energy conservation measures (right table) Additional ECM measures that will be available in December 2013: No additional measures List significant difference of the Retrofit Analysis tool when compared to SimuWatt & unique value that this tool is bringing to the retrofit market place: Simpler data collection Rapid analysis Automated ECM evaluations SUBSTANTIAL Details CALIBRATED VALUES (40) Total Zone Fan Rated Power Chilled Water Pump Power Hot Water Pump Power Condenser Pump Power Aircooled Condenser/ Cooling Tower Rated Capacity Aircooled Condenser/Cooling Tower Power Consumption Efficiency of Hot Water System COP of Refrigeration System COP of Primary Cooling Efficiency/COP of Primary Heating Design Heating Supply Temperature Design Cooling Supply Temperature Design Preheat Temperature Cooling Coil Design Leaving Temperature Cooling Set Point Cooling Set Back Heating Set Point Heating Set Back Interior Lighting Power Density Refrigeration Power Density Leakage Rate Fraction of exterior glass Uwall Uroof Ratio of internal wall perimeter/building perimeter Window Transmitivity Window U value Window Solar Heat Gain Coeff Window internal film resistance Window external film resistance Number of occupants Ground U Value Hot water usage rate Equip Power Density HVAC Supply and Return Fan Power Adjusted Schedule Adjusted Light Schedule Temperature Of The Hot Deck Minimum VAV damper position (%) MaxCFM - CFM while occupied MinCFM - CFM while unoccupied ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES (47) Weatherization Occupancy Sensors Upgraded Lighting Daylight-based Dimming Added Daylight Light Shelves Proper Space Setpoints Supply Air Temperature Reset - Optimal Control Underfloor Ventilation Demand Control Ventilation Static Pressure Reset Trees Active External Shading Upgraded Windows Cool Roof Waterside Economizer Airside Energy Recovery Chillerplant Optimization Tankless Waterheating Condensing Boiler Solar Heating Natural Ventilation Natural Ventilation Precooling Absorption Chiller With SWH Night Ventilation Precooling Fan With VFD Evaporative Indirect Cooling Direct Evaporative Cooling Ground Source Heat Pump Radiant Cooling / Heating with Displacment Ventilation Dessicant Dehumidification With SWH Efficient Equipment Green Roof Upgraded Insulation Heatingplant Optimization Airside Economizer HVAC Equipment Upgrade VAV Control Retrofit Chilled Water Loop Pump - Variable Flow Hot Water Loop Pump - Variable Flow Condenser Water Loop Pump - Variable Flow Chilled Water Loop Pump - VFD Hot Water Loop Pump - VFD Condenser Water Loop Pump - VFD Set point temperature scheduling Ventilation Scheduled with Occupancy (MaxCFM / MinCFM) Ventilation according to ASHRAE

18. 18 Retrofit Analysis

19. building shape air tightness level typical room on each facade 40-80 Low > High Cost Measures with Retrofit Staging Timeline DAYSIM: Shade Schedule Lighting Shade Schedule, Spatial Daylight Autonomy, Critical Point Illuminance, Occupancy Sensors CONTAM airflow, EnergyPlus energy use (heating/cooling) + all files (.idf,.rad,.sql) for experts ECM Categories: Lighting/Daylighting, Plug/Process, Occupant, Envelope, HVAC 19 +owner desired energy conservation measures Building Component Library SUBSTANTIAL COMPREHENSIVE Inputs & Outputs +3D geometry import

20. 20 Daylight Data File by Orientation Hourly Shade Operation Schedule Hourly Lighting Power Fraction (representative spaces on each orientation) Annual Zone Lighting Energy & Savings Building Energy Performance with Integrated Daylighting Controls, Airflow, and Contaminant Transport Impacts Airflow Calculation OpenStudio input file created COMPREHENSIVE Daylighting, Airflow, Energy

21. 21 SUBSTANTIAL COMPREHENSIVE Screenshots Building101 Example http://128.118.67.241/tools.eebhub.or g/energy-use.php

22. 22 Specific list of ECM measures currently available for evaluation with this tool: Lighting upgrade (EEM Example) Additional ECM measures that will be available in December 2013: HVAC: Economizer, Condensing Boiler, More efficient DX cooling system, On demand hot water heaters, Hot water tank insulation Envelope: Window replacement, Wall insulation Lighting & Daylighting: CFL lighting, Daylight harvesting List significant difference of the RMT tool when compared to Asset Rating Tool (including the operational score) & unique value that this tool is bringing to the retrofit market place: Integrate E+, Daysim, and CONTAM to provide accurate simulations Daysim: accuracy, daylighting analysis CONTAM integration (via OpenStudio): airflow and contaminant transport impacts, IAQ technology assessment Building geometry import: Precise thermal zone, load scheduling Include best practices from the USGBC database analyses to set realistic expectations for the upper-limit of building performance Capacity to sequence measures to integrate into long term capital & maintenance plans COMPREHENSIVE Details

23. 23 Simulation Process Architecture

24. Portfolio Inverse Modeling Building Component Library Benchmarki ng Comparison Feasibilit y Assessment System Developmen t System Analysis Benchmarking -Utility Data Entry -Building Type Comparison -Individual ECM Evaluation -Inverse Analysis Feasibility: - On site data collection -Baseline Analysis -Individual ECM Evaluation Schematics: -System Options -Space by Space Load Analysis -Detailed Feasibility -ECM Evaluation System Analysis: -Detailed ECM evaluation -System design refinement -Systems interdepende ncy study -Control Strategy ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES Envelope -Roof -Glazing -Enclosure -Insulation HVAC Loads -Heating -Cooling -Energy Recovery -Domestic Water Indoor Environmental Quality -DCV -Dedicated Outdoor Air -Infiltration Lighting -Daylighting -Sensors -Controls -Artificial Lighting Alternative Energy -Solar Hot Water -Solar / PV -Geothermal -Wind Design Advisor Energy Audit Tool Inverse Modeling Toolkit Datahub Simulation Platform DB Energy Asset Score Feasibility Analysis Initial Costs ECM Material & Lobor Costs Design & Construction Fee Lifecycle Energy Costs Model Views Proces s iPad Audit Tool CAPTURE COMMUNICATE Policy Visualization Building Dashboards Researcher Visualization Public Access Data Experiential Audit MVD Related DOE Efforts ANALYZE Design Visualization Daylight ing MVD Energy MVD Energy MVD Airflow MVD Airflow MVD Simulation Process Architecture Platfor m MVD Web Data Integrative Design Standard Process (ANSI) OpenStud io EnergyPlus OpenStud io EnergyPlus Parametr ic Analysis KEY EEB Hub Related DOE Efforts Explanations

25. 25 Narrative

26. 26 Simulation Platform Narrative The EEB HUB simulation platform is cloud-based software to support decision making in building retrofit projects. Currently, four different levels of retrofits are envisioned including light, partial, substantial and comprehensive. Each of these levels involves simulation tools with different level of complexity, so the output recommended measures for building retrofits have different levels of complexity as well. Specifically, the recommended measures do not necessarily have to be the same for each tool because measures differ by how easily a sub-system performance can be picked out from the rest of the building, the measure cost, the reliability or variance in measure savings, and the degree of skill needed to analyze or carry out a measure. Name: “Lite” or “Benchmark” Users: Building owners Target building stock: All commercial buildings, besides special uses Developer: ASHRAE Inverse modeling toolkit, IBM Inverse Model Goal: To identify overall building performance and benchmark its retrofit potential and screen (i.e. triage) a set of candidate buildings for retrofits. The overall building performance indicators computed includes EUI (overall, heating, cooling), breakdown of overall energy into heating, cooling and base energy. Overall envelope conduction parameter (R Value) and convection parameter (air exchange rate) are computed through inverse modeling. The simulation tool computes the energy savings impact of improved parameters (i.e., retrofits). The GIS (geographic information systems) based visualization and benchmarking tool allows users to compare the energy performance of buildings in a portfolio and screen a set of buildings as candidates for retrofits using the computed parameters, building performance indicators and other building characteristics. The screened set of buildings can be inputted to the higher level tools (partial, substantial and comprehensive) for more detailed modeling of retrofits. Using the screened buildings, the higher level tools can focus more on the buildings that can substantially save more energy than others through retrofits. Measures: (1-5) Basic, generic O&M measures, low/no cost in broad categories. Recommend measure categories for further analyses.

27. 27 Name: “Partial” or “Systems Benchmark” Users: Building designers Target building stock: All commercial buildings, besides special uses Developer: MIT Design Advisor Tool Goal: To refine broad categories into components of buildings systems to be investigated. Identify components that may need maintenance or operational improvements. These can be identified by the discrepancy in performance of building sub-systems in DAT (forward model); if a system is using way more than projected by DAT, it may likely be an operational or equipment malfunction. This level will also recommend measures for small commercial buildings that cannot afford an audit. Break out further sub-systems that may have lucrative savings opportunities into these categories: O&M Lighting, Daylighting Plug & Process (subgroups?) Occupant Envelope (walls, roofs, fenestration breakout?) “H” of HVAC “V” of HVAC “AC” of HVAC (Include comparison of HVAC distribution vs. equipment performance?) Measures: (5-15) O&M/Retro-commissioning measures that are low-no cost, as identified by discrepancy between tools. (20-40) low-medium cost measures with high likelihood for savings. Recommend high-cost measures or measures with highly variable savings for further analysis. Simulation Platform Narrative

28. 28 Name: “Substantial” or “SubSystems Audit” Users: Building auditors Target building stock: Medium commercial buildings and small commercial buildings with potential large savings opportunities Developer: UTRC model & PSU data collection for Energy Audit Tool Goal: The goal at this level is to take the sub-systems analysis from the previous tools, and use that information to target building sub-systems to further investigate. The audit will be to capture remaining O&M issues, building geometry and zoning, building control and occupancy schedule, operational strategy, controls, and equipment capacity and efficiencies (eg, lighting density and type, equipment sizes on largest equipment, R- values and wall/window/roof types). The auditor can collect particular data for promising sub-systems, eg. window geometry, shading, etc. for daylighting analysis. The audit is only a “snap-shot” in time, so the auditor won’t be able to tell how the building changes in operation between days (weekday vs. weekend) and between seasons. The categories of measures here are: O&M Lighting, Daylighting Plug & Process (subgroups?) Occupant Envelope (walls, roofs, fenestration breakout?) “H” of HVAC “V” of HVAC “AC” of HVAC Measures: Identify and recommend O&M, retro-commissioning measures, control schedule, and related changes, particularly ones that may be more expensive than the previous tool. (30-50) low-medium cost measures and high-cost measures with reliable savings. Recommend high-cost measures with large potential for savings, but have highly variable savings, for further analysis. Simulation Platform Narrative

29. 29 Name: “Comprehensive” or “Longitudinal Systems Analysis and Integrated Planning” Users: Building analysts Target building stock: Medium commercial buildings with potential for major savings opportunities, or facilities with a dedicated facility manager that can manage a strategic retrofit plan Developer: PSU and UMd Retrofit Manager Tool Goal: To rigorously evaluate the savings potential for several possible energy efficiency measures, and to coordinate measures into a retrofit management plan. The tool will start by asking which measures to investigate first, rather than asking for building information. Most of the default data should already be processed from the audit. Once EEMs are selected, the tool will ask further highly specific information on that sub-system or component to improve model accuracy. For example, HVAC measures will probably need mechanical drawings and equipment specifications, and HVAC zoning. Daylighting measures will need information on window placement, shading, glazing type, luminance levels, room layout from a BIM model, and schedules. The tool will provide the output capability for an.idf and other files so that experienced energy auditors, engineers, and facility energy mangers can get the full functionality of energy simulation tools. The categories are the same as the previous tool, without O&M, however the distinction is that the categories are organized by EEMs, rather than listing building data needed for an accurate model. Lighting, Daylighting Plug & Process (subgroups?) Occupant Envelope (walls, roofs, fenestration breakout?) “H” of HVAC “V” of HVAC “AC” of HVAC Measures: (40-80) measures, including high-cost measures that have been further analyzed. Focus capacity on staging of retrofit measures to reduce capital cost of eventual HVAC equipment replacement. Provide enhanced costing and budgeting features. Simulation Platform Narrative