1. Concentration of metals in locally grown and organic vegetables By: Stephani Lane & Aaron Pyle

2. Purpose To determine metal concentration differences between organic and locally grown vegetables for healthy dietary decisions.

3. Overview Our Experiment Researched vegetables and metals to test Determined expected amount of each metal Purchased vegetables from a local store Blended vegetables Made 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm standards Ran experiment on the ICP

4. Vegetables

6. Metals Calcium Lead Magnesium Manganese Sodium

7. Metal Benefits Ca- Strong bones, dental care, prevents colon cancer, reduces obesity Pb- none Mg- prevent cardio vascular disease, regulates blood pressure, muscle and nerve function Mn- forming bones and enzymes, helps absorb vitamins, healthy function of the brain Na- maintains fluid balance, maintains healthy heart, eliminates excess CO 2

8. Metal Detriments Ca- heighten blood pressure, risk of cardio vascular disease, kidney stones Pb- Headaches, joint pain, fatigue, miscarriages Mg- Nausea, low blood pressure, irregular heart beat Mn- Chronic liver disease, psychosis, shaking Na- high blood pressure, kidney disease, osteoporosis

9. Method Weighed out approximately 34 g Blended each sample with 50 mL of water (100 mL for Broccoli) Filtered samples through a Buchner funnel Ran standards Ran samples

11. Standard Curves

12. Results Calcium Vegetables Locally Grown (ppm) Organic (ppm) Potato78.78102.78 Zucchini192.93599.45 Beets63.77123.16 Broccoli342.44224.11

13. Results Manganese Vegetables Locally Grown (ppm) Organic (ppm) Potato0.00520.1409 Zucchini-0.342-0.405 Beets-0.54892.74 Broccoli-1.38-0.707

14. Results Lead Vegetables Locally Grown (ppm) Organic (ppm) Potato3.924.43 Zucchini3.7983.82 Beets6.926.11 Broccoli3.463.67

15. Results Sodium Vegetables Locally Grown (ppm) Organic (ppm) Potato27.1390.29 Zucchini8.3122.41 Beets517.97641.52 Broccoli153.5882.45

16. Results Magnesium Vegetables Locally Grown (ppm) Organic (ppm) Potato197.75192.84 Zucchini154.10203.71 Beets167.99244.54 Broccoli160.97112.24

17. Conclusions Mn found only in organic beets Broccoli had lower organic concentrations, except for lead Beets had higher organic concentrations, except for lead Organic zucchini and potato's were higher in all categories

18. Conclusion Based on our data, a healthier dietary decision can be made concerning metal content.

19. Sources http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium- HealthProfessional/ http://www.fitday.com/fitness- articles/nutrition/healthy-eating/4-signs-youre- getting-too-much-sodium.html http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium- HealthProfessional/ http://www.webmd.com/vitamins- supplements/ingredientmono-182- MANGANESE.aspx?activeIngredientId=182&active IngredientName=MANGANESE