1. 1 CARTILAGE Hard connective tissue, next to bone and teeth Made up of cells, fibers and jell like matrix. FEATURES :- Translucent, firm, and elastic It can be compressible It can with stand considerable pressure, pull and torsion

2. 2 CARTILAGE STRUCTURE (HISTOLOGY) :- It is made up of 3 basic structures 1. Chondrocytes (Cartilage cells) 2. Matrix (Inter cellular substance) 3. Fibers.

3. 3 CARTILAGE 1.Chondrocytes :- - Large, Rounded And Encapsulated - Embedded In The Matrix 2.Matrix :- - Jell Like Ground Substance - Tissue Characters Depend On It - Makes The Cartilage Solid - Major Portion Is Made Up Of Water - Contains Chondrocytes & Fibers 3. Fibers :- - Mainly Collagen Fibers

4. 4 CARTILAGE PERICHONDRIUM :- - FIBROUS MEMBRANE WICH COVERS CARTILAGE - ABSENT OVER EXPOSED SURFACES OF JOINTS Growth Two types of growth can occur in cartilage appositional and interstitial

5. 5 CARTILAGE TYPES ;- 1. HYALINE CARTILAGE 2. FIBRO CARTILAGE 3. ELASTIC CARTILAGE

6. 6 CARTILAGE HYALINE CARTILAGE :- - Appearance White, resilient and glossy CELLS :- Large, rounded encapsulated arranged in groups (2 to 8 in 1 caps.) MATRIX :- Abundance, homogeneous ground substance FIBERS :- It is avascular hyaline cartilage that is made predominantly of type II collagen.

7. 7 HYALINE CARTILAGE DISTRIBUTION Hyaline cartilage is found lining bones in joints and is also present inside bones, serving as a center of ossification or bone growth. In addition, hyaline cartilage forms most of the embryonic skeleton. - Articular cartilage - costal cartilage - Epiphysial cartilage - Cartilage of nose - Trachea & Bronchi - Larynx (except glottis) e.c.t. * IN CAPABLE OF REPAIR * FILLED WITH FIBROUS TISSUE

8. 8 CARTILAGE 2. FIBRO CARTILAGE :- - White & Glistening - very tough & strong but resilient - present where strength & elasticity is required STRUCTURE:- Cells : Few & wide a part Matrix : Less in quantity Fibers : Dense bundles of parallel running collagen fibers

9. 9 FIBRO CARTILAGE DISTRIBUTION : - I.V.D. - Meniscus (Semi lunar) - Pubic symphysis - Glenoid labrum - Acetabular labrum. E.c.t. IF DAMAGED – REPAIR ITSELF SLOWLY

10. 10 CARTILAGE 3. ELASTIC CARTILAGE : -Yellow, very elastic and rebouncive STRUCTURE : CELL : Many in No. MATRIX : Less in quantity FIBERS : Branched, elastic and forms net work round the Chondrocytes, called “LACUNAE”.

11. 11 ELASTIC CARTILAGE DISTRIBUTION : - Pinnae of ear - External auditory meatus - Eustachian tube - Epiglottis (Larynx). E.c.t. * IF DAMAGED, REPAIR ITSELF W FIBROUS TISSUE

12. 12 CARTILAGE BLOOD SUPPLY : - Hyaline & Elastic are completely avascular (except during growth) - Nourished by diffusion of lymph From perichondrial vessels - Fibrous cartilage has some blood supply from neighboring vessels * REPAIR IS POOR  POOR BLOOD SUPPLY

13. 13 CARTILAGE NERVE SUPPLY : - NO Nerve supply - Insensitive APPLIDE ANATOMY : - Height of the body is more in early morning due to more accumulation of fluids(H 2 O) in the cartilage tissue (IVD). - x -