1. From Fryer to Fuel Tank rinnova Renewable Energy

2. rinnova Renewable Energy Rinnova: The Team Joshua Harbert, M.E. Christian Ocier, Ch. E. Mitch Kenyon, Ch. E. Fred Thielke, M.E. Adebo Alao, M.E.

3. Outline rinnova Renewable Energy A Primer on Biodiesel What is Biodiesel? An Introduction to Biodiesel Why Use Biodiesel? A Brief Life Cycle Analysis Project Overview The System The Chemical Process The Prototype The Mechanics Conclusion Acknowledgements Questions

4. What is Biodiesel? rinnova Renewable Energy It is a diesel fuel processed from natural oils. It is an environmentally friendly substitute for petrodiesel.

5. Why use Biodiesel? rinnova Renewable Energy 1.We believe that: There is an energy crisis arising There is no single solution 2.We also believe that the solutions will be dependent on: Life style changes Cultural and regional resource use Sustainable/renewable energy 3.Education and good examples will be very important in solving this problem

6. Where Does Biodiesel Come From? Possible Sources for biodiesel: Soy oil Natural Fats/Tallow Algae Oil Producing Seeds Jatropha Oil Processed Yellow Grease rinnova Renewable Energy

7. Biodiesel from Yellow Grease rinnova Renewable Energy

8. Biodiesel from Yellow Grease Yellow Grease Potential Market Price: $1.74/gallon Biodiesel Feedstock class: $2.88/gallon Compare that with: Soybean Oil Market Price: $4.31/gallon rinnova Renewable Energy

9. Biodiesel—A Brief Life Cycle Analysis rinnova Renewable Energy Biodiesel made with Yellow Grease Used OilsEnergyEmissions Process Chemicals

10. Biodiesel Production from Yellow Grease: Inputs and Outputs rinnova Renewable Energy Waste Vegetable Oil CollectionProcess ChemicalsEmissions NO2 accounts for the

11. The Project Design and construct a biodiesel producing pilot plant by taking waste vegetable oil and converting it into fuel. Cost-effective Saves energy Reduces pollution rinnova Renewable Energy

12. System Overview rinnova Renewable Energy

13. The Chemical Process—Part One rinnova Renewable Energy 1.Waste vegetable oil contains free fatty acids (FFA’s) that have to be converted for a complete reaction. 2.The first reaction converts free fatty acids into methyl esters (biodiesel)via a process called esterification. Biodiesel + Triglycerides Sulfuric Acid MethanolWVO

14. The Chemical Process—Part Two rinnova Renewable Energy 1.The second reaction follows the standard reaction procedure. 2.A base catalyst and methanol are used to convert the oil into methyl esters. TGKOHMeOH Biodiesel

15. The Chemical Process—Outputs rinnova Renewable Energy Biodiesel Transesterified Methyl Esters Glycerin A By-Product that has potential for resale if purified. Excess Methanol This reactant can be recovered with the system’s vacuum distillation unit.

16. Glycerin rinnova Renewable Energy Waste glycerin can be reprocessed and: An intermediate for producing Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol. Other industrial applications include soap, toothpaste, and cosmetics. Yields a profit of $1.34 per gallon of glycerin produced.

17. Mechanical Overview rinnova Renewable Energy Removes Particulate matter from Waste Vegetable Oil Filter A vessel for the chemical reactions and the washing process. Reactor Recovers methanol for latter reactions. Reduces material cost for latter reactions Methanol Recovery System Removes contaminants from fuel and purifies the final product. Polishing Column

18. Rinnova’s Prototype rinnova Renewable Energy Mechanical Components: Filter Reaction Vessel Methanol Recovery System Polishing Unit

19. Filtration Unit rinnova Renewable Energy Waste vegetable oil has particulates that need to be removed for the system. Rinnova’s Filter uses a 50 micron filter to remove both coarse and fine particulates in the oil.

20. Reaction Vessel rinnova Renewable Energy Keeps the reactants in a sealed environment. Heats the reactants. Provides vigorous mixing. Is capable of holding a vacuum.

21. Methanol Recovery System rinnova Renewable Energy Vacuum Distillation: Applies a vacuum on vessel contents to allow liquids to boil at lower temperatures. Methanol is removed and collected for later reuse. Ergo, it uses much less energy than other systems. Sealed system ensures no toxic fumes leak

22. Polishing Column rinnova Renewable Energy The majority of biodiesel producers wash their fuel with water to leach impurities out of the oil. Rinnova’s extra step: pass the fuel through an ion-exchange resin called Amberlite to remove contaminants.

23. The Production Price rinnova Renewable Energy A Comparison of Biodiesel Production Prices Energy$4.83 Reactants$67.87 Reactant Recovery-$35.180 0 WVO$55.9100 Total Cost Per Batch$93.42$72.69$37.51$128.60 Cost/gal BD$2.92$2.27$1.17$4.02

24. Conclusions rinnova Renewable Energy

25. Acknowledgements rinnova Renewable Energy