1. Direct Leadership Techniques

2. Methods used when leading in face-to-face situations Game leading Song leading Facilitating a leisure education session Giving a guided tour Coaching a youth sport Conducting a meeting

3. Direct Leadership Techniques Phase I: Preparation Phase II: Priming the Group Phase III: Delivery

4. Phase I: Know the Group Group composition Size of group % females and males Age mix Needed accommodations Experience levels Motivations Familiarity with one another Medical histories available?

5. Phase I: Risk Management Have you gone through the risk management checklist? Do you have the right staff? Do you know enough about the participants to be safe? Are the activities appropriate for the group? Have you played “What if…?”

6. Phase I : Goals and Objectives Goals Something for which one strives, an aim Objectives Steps to reaching a goal

7. Types of Goals Societal goals Aims or ideals of community Tend to be culturally relevant Professional goals Professionalism Performance standards Ethical behaviors

8. Types of Goals Agency or organizational goals Quality Service orientation Participant goals Diverse Influenced by culture, demographics

9. Common Participant Goals Skill, knowledge development Physical, cognitive Progression facilitates proper learning Interpersonal skills Human relations skills Manipulate physical environment to facilitate learning

10. Common Participant Goals Democratic living skills Cooperation, fair play, equality Being a “good sport” To have fun Health benefits Physical exercise, mental health Often a “bonus benefit” to leisure participation

11. Types of Objectives Cognitive Deal with thinking Behavioral Deal with physical actions, skills Affective Deal with feelings, emotions

12. Thinking SMART S=Specific M=Measurable A=Achievable R=Realistic T=Trackable Objectives must be…

13. ABCDs of Writing Objectives A = Audience Who is doing the action B = Behavior The action the audience must do The verb Only one behavior/verb per objective

14. ABCDs of Writing Objectives C = Condition Describes the behavior specifically Describes how, when, where, form, number of trials, etc. D = Degree Describes how well the behavior will be accomplished Must directly relate to the behavior

15. Setting the Tone Leaders positively influence a leisure experience Set the mood Manipulate the physical environment Enhance the socioemotional element Enhance the psychological environment

16. Setting the Tone Alter the physical environment Use of color Lighting Noise, sounds, music Pictures, artwork, visual media Arrange space safely, efficiently, for maximum effectiveness

17. Phase II: Getting Attention Keep it fun Unexpected Respectful Experiential Consider participant perceptions Experiment

18. Phase II: Dividing Groups Divide according to primary goal Be joyful, fun Be creative, equitable Consider participant perceptions Strive to enhance the leisure experience

19. Phase II: Learning Names Demonstrates respect of participants Facilitates group cohesion Facilitates trust Learn proper pronunciation Use preferred name

20. Delivery: Phase III Introducing an activity Leader introduces self Name the activity Identify the goal Tell a short story to set the mood

21. Phase III: Giving Directions Do not assume participants know the activity Ensure that everyone knows the same rules KISS KIP PLAY

22. Phase III: Leading Songs Sing the song through Demonstrate any associated motions Sing a verse, participants repeat Group and leader sing entire song Add motions, sing verse at a time As a group, sing entire song with motions Sing through at least twice

23. Phase III: Song Rounds Sing as many times as there are groups Follow the steps listed for song leading Engage the groups using your entire body, inviting gestures

24. Phase III: Transitions Links within and between activities, between activity sessions Comment on similarities Comment on differences Comment on both similarities and differences

25. Phase III: Conclusions Stop when people are having fun Emphasize strengths, group cohesion Review how things went Keep it positive Be sure conclusion is definitive

26. Successful Meetings Formal meetings Robert’s Rules of Order Controls who speaks when How to make, decide a motion What material can be considered Informal meetings More free-flowing Allows people to freely interact

27. Successful Meetings Prior to the meeting Identify the purpose Identify who should be in attendance Make a conscious choice of location Decide how it will be conducted Provide an agenda several days before the meeting

28. Meeting Agendas Provide guidance, structure to the meeting Enable participants to prepare Send final version a minimum of two days ahead of time Estimate the amount of time per item

29. Meeting Agendas Heading centered at the top: AGENDA Name of the group meeting Date of the meeting Time of start and end Location of the meeting Purpose statement

30. Meeting Agendas cont’d Introduction of guests Acceptance of minutes Old business New business Other items Announcements

31. During a Meeting the Leader… Sets the tone Considers seating arrangement Is responsible for time management Establishes/Reiterates ground rules Identifies a recorder (for taking minutes) Facilitates involvement of everyone (consider diversity, cultural influences) Finishes at stated time

32. After the Meeting Be aware of the “meeting-after-the meeting” Ask to bring these issues up at the next scheduled meeting Periodically evaluate meetings

33. Meeting Minutes Official record of what occurred The “gist” of what was said Follow the format of the agenda Also include… Roll call Action items Next meeting information Submitted by…

34. Virtual Meetings Participants are in different physical locations Teleconference Videoconference Online meeting Requires same level of leader preparation and coordination as face- to-face meeting

35. Oral Presentations : Preparation Preparation Know the topic Know the reason for the presentation Know the audience Know the technology Organize the presentation Practice

36. Oral Presentations : Delivery Personal appearance and presence matter Dress neatly Carry yourself well Avoid fidgeting Keep hands out of pockets Use appropriate gestures, do so consciously

37. Oral Presentations : Delivery Personal style and language Relax Project your voice Make eye contact Use appropriate language Avoid big words

38. Oral Presentations : Delivery Be aware of the anchor Location that draws the presenter Engage your kinesthetic awareness, conscious use of the anchor Anchor should enhance the presentation Podium Projector Chalkboard Etc.

39. Visual Aids: Handouts Should be clear, clean and readable Use good grammar, no typos Use no more than two font types Use 10-point font or larger Need large print version (18+ point) Decide when to use handouts Decide when to distribute handouts

40. Visual Aids: Flip Charts Are easily portable Useful for keeping ideas in view Best suited for small audiences Require legible handwriting Can be prepared ahead of time Can be prepared during presentation

41. Overhead Transparencies Can be a static or dynamic tool Text should be at least 28-point font Allows leader to face audience Legible handwriting required Turn off projector when not in use

42. Computer Slideshow Keep it simple/minimize special effects Maintain consistency in format, layout Use appropriate number of slides Limit to six words on a line 28- to 44-point font KNOW the technology