2. Why do students cheat? How do they cheat? How has cheating changed since distance education came into being? Academic integrity is of particular interest to online education faculty, staff members, administrators, and students alike. Here we will explore the history of, and trends in, cheating and plagiarism in higher education and focus on how it relates to distance education.

3. Objective: Discuss faculty beliefs regarding cheating and online education

4.  About half the faculty surveyed believe: ◦ Students cheat at least occasionally ◦ Undergraduates cheat more often than grad students ◦ Opportunities to cheat, to catch cheaters, and to prevent cheating are similar online or face-to- face  Faculty were more likely to have concerns about online (McNabb & Olmstead, 2009)

5. Objective: Identify a three-pronged approach to addressing academic integrity: policing (catching and punishing cheaters), prevention (designing courses and assignments that discourage cheating), and virtue (creating learning communities in which students do not want to cheat)

6.  Use technology  Establish clear expectations  Recognize cues in written work ◦ Odd passages ◦ Particularly good/bad writing (compared to the overall paper) ◦ Outdated information  Report all suspected instances

7.  Publish and provide clear access to guidelines  Rotate/rewrite assignments  Randomize exams  Use a variety of assessments  Proctor when necessary

8.  Promote original thought and work  Encourage appropriate collaboration  Model academic integrity in own work  Build a culture of integrity

9.  What are your concerns about academic integrity? Do you think academic integrity should be handled differently online? If so, how?

10. Objective: Evaluate technology, tools and techniques designed to detect and deter cheating and plagiarism

11.  Use plagiarism checkers (TurnItIn™, SafeAssign™, SNITCH)  Leverage LMS features (options for exams, drop boxes, online proctoring, etc.)  Encourage students to self-check  Reframe the purpose and value of citation as a "tool for fellow researchers" (VCU, 2012, para. 6)

12. Objective: Investigate best practices for creating communities of integrity on campuses and within departments

13.  Share and discuss policies and practices  Get students' input and commitment  Foster collaboration and peer recognition  Explain acceptable collaboration  Encourage critical thinking

14.  How can you promote a “culture of integrity” online? What can you do to engage learners in this process?

15. Objective: Develop classroom techniques to discourage academic dishonesty

16.  Provide clear expectations for original work  Establish clear evaluation criteria and rubrics  Integrate academic integrity into the classroom discourse  Provide examples of correct citation  Require the use of current events or local topics for assignments (Carnegie Mellon, n.d.)

17.  American University in Cairo. (n.d.). Promoting academic integrity at AUC. Retrieved from http://www.aucegypt.edu/academics/integrity/Forms/Documents/BestPracticesFaculty.pdf http://www.aucegypt.edu/academics/integrity/Forms/Documents/BestPracticesFaculty.pdf  Baruch College. (2011). Academic integrity website. Retrieved from https://www.baruch.cuny.edu/facultyhandbook/AcademicIntegrity.htm https://www.baruch.cuny.edu/facultyhandbook/AcademicIntegrity.htm  Carnegie Mellon. (n.d.). Plagiarism and the web. Retrieved from http://www.cmu.edu/teaching/solveproblem/strat-cheating/plagiarism.html http://www.cmu.edu/teaching/solveproblem/strat-cheating/plagiarism.html  East Carolina University. (2010). Fostering academic integrity in distance education. Retrieved from http://www.ecu.edu/cs-acad/eai/FosteringIntegrity.cfmhttp://www.ecu.edu/cs-acad/eai/FosteringIntegrity.cfm  Fellguth, J. (2007). Cyber cheating. Retrieved from http://www.hartnell.edu/library/interlit/cybercheating.htm http://www.hartnell.edu/library/interlit/cybercheating.htm  McNabb, L., & Olmstead, A. (2009). Communities of integrity in online courses: Faculty member beliefs and strategies. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 5(2), 208-221. Retrieved from http://jolt.merlot.org/vol5no2/mcnabb_0609.htmhttp://jolt.merlot.org/vol5no2/mcnabb_0609.htm  Niezgoda, s., & Way, T. (2006). SNITCH: A software tool for detecting cut and paste plagiarism. SIGCSE Technical Symposium, March 1-5, 2006, Houston, TX. Retrieved from http://www.csc.villanova.edu/~tway/publications/niezgodaSIGCSE06.pdf http://www.csc.villanova.edu/~tway/publications/niezgodaSIGCSE06.pdf  University of Phoenix. (2009, August 4). Maintaining academic integrity online at University of Phoenix. Retrieved from http://www.phoenix.edu/colleges_divisions/office-of-the- president/articles/maintaining-academic-integrity-online.htmlhttp://www.phoenix.edu/colleges_divisions/office-of-the- president/articles/maintaining-academic-integrity-online.html  Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). (2012). SafeAssign: Policing v prevention. Retrieved from http://uc.vcu.edu/learning-support/writing-center/safeassign/safeassign-policing-v- prevention/http://uc.vcu.edu/learning-support/writing-center/safeassign/safeassign-policing-v- prevention/  Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE). (2009). Best practice strategies to promote academic integrity in online education. Retrieved from http://wcet.wiche.edu/wcet/docs/cigs/studentauthentication/BestPractices.pdf http://wcet.wiche.edu/wcet/docs/cigs/studentauthentication/BestPractices.pdf