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Spectral investigation Chemical development of uncolored layers Absorption spectra of uncolored ultra-fine-grained photolayers treated in solution of chemical.

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Presentation on theme: "Spectral investigation Chemical development of uncolored layers Absorption spectra of uncolored ultra-fine-grained photolayers treated in solution of chemical."— Presentation transcript:

1 Spectral investigation Chemical development of uncolored layers Absorption spectra of uncolored ultra-fine-grained photolayers treated in solution of chemical developer D-72 Kodak. 1 - 15 s, 2 - 30 s, 3 - 1 min, 4 - 3 min, 5 - 10 min, 6 - initial layer. For diluted solution: Homo: AgBr + Red - = Ag (a) + Ox + Br - Hetero: AgBr + sol = Ag +. sol (b) + Br - Ag +. sol + Red - = Ag (c) + Ox + sol a – silver reduced on AgBr crystal, b – soluble complex of silver able diffused out of AgBr, c – silver reduced on distance of AgBr matrix Absorption spectra of the uncolored ultra-fine- grained photolayers treated in diluted water solutions of developer D-72 Kodak: 1 - undiluted solution, 2 - dilution 1:10, 3 - 1:20, 4 - 1:50, 5 - 1:100. Electron microscopic photo of fully developed layer – colloidal particle (25-60 nm size)

2 Spectral investigation Chemical development of colored layers Absorption spectra of photochemically colored ultra-fine-grained photolayers treated various time in solution D-72 Kodak. 1 - initial colored layer, 2 - 20 s, 3 - 40 s, 4 - 90 s. Absorption spectra of colored ultra-fine-grained photolayers treated in diluted solutions of chemical developer D-72 Kodak: 1 - undiluted solution, 2 - dilution 1:20, 3 - 1:100, 4 - initial sample of photochemically colored layer.

3 Spectral investigation Treatment of layers in silver physical developer 1 - initial layer, 2 - 3,5 min, 3 - 5 min 4 - 7 min, 5 - 10 min. 1 - initial layer, 2 - 2 min, 3 - 3 min, 4 - 10 min, 5 - 20 min. uncolored layers colored layers

4 Spectral investigation Physical development of layers Physical development of silver centers received by fixation of colored layer: 1 - initial layer, 2 - 15 s, 3 - 40 s. Absorption spectra of layers treated in physical silver developer containing silver colloidal particles received by reduction of silver ions in alkaline solution of tannine: 1 - initial layer, 2 - 1 min, 3 - 135 s, 4 - 3 min, 5 - 10 min Influence of particles’ charge on the kinetics of physical development negative charge micelle [Ag n x S 2 O 3 2- ] 2x Na + : positive charge micelle : Electron microscopic photo of layers 2 and 5

5 Research of spectrozonal amplification of the visible image In solution containing ethylenediamine AgCl + 2 EA = Ag (EA) 2 + + Cl - 2 Ag(EA) 2 + + SnO 2 2- + 4 OH - = 2 Ag + 4 EA + SnO 4 4- + 2 H 2 O Without ethylenediamine 2 AgCl + SnO 2 2- + 4 OH - = 2 Ag + 2 Cl - + SnO 4 4- + 2 H 2 O Scheme of experiment on spectrozonal amplification of silver:

6 Influence of a halogenide-ions nature on the morphology of re-deposited silver Scheme of experiment on study of influence of a halogenide-ions nature on morphology of re-deposited silver: developer 0,2 М SnCl 2 + 1,2 М NaOH + 0,3 М EA Absorption spectra of re-deposited layers of AgCl (1), AgBr(2) и AgI (3).

7 Conversions of the "smallest" silver Scheme of experiment on study of a repeated re-deposition of silver

8 Oxidizing dispergation of silver in chrome-chloride bleachers Scheme of experiment on study of an oxidising dispergation of silver in chrome-chloride bleachers Oxidation of silver in chrome(6+)-chloride bleacher (CCB) Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6 Ag + 14 H + + 6 Cl - = = 6 AgCl + 2 Cr 3+ + 7 H 2 O Bichromate-ions oxidise silver to Ag + and in absence of Cl - ions Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6 Ag + 14 H + = = 6 Ag + + 2 Cr 3+ + 7 H 2 O

9 Morphological transformations of silver in chrome amplifiers Scheme of experiment on study of influence of a chrome-chloride (0,03 M K 2 Cr 2 O 7 + 0,006 M HCl) and ferrum-chloride (0,03 M Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 0,25 M NaCl + 0,06 M H 2 SO 4 ) bleachers

10 Creation of colloidal systems from color silver salts by direct coloring: DT1 Na 2 S. 9H 2 O 0,1M DT2 Na 2 S 2 O 3. 5H 2 O 0,1M H 2 SO 4 0,1M DT3 ”1” - K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 0,05M ”2” - FeCl 3. 6H 2 O 0,05M Working solution ”1”+”2”=1+1 DT4 ”1” - K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 0,05M ”2” - CuSO 4. 5H 2 O 0,05M Potassium citrate 0,2M Working solution ”1”+”2”=1+1 DT5 ”1” - K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 0,05M K 2 CO 3 0,05M ”2” - CuSO 4. 5H 2 O 0,05M (NH 4 ) 2 C 2 O 4 0,2M Working solution ”1”+”2”=1+1 1 - “AGFA” MCC118FB, multi-contrast, classic, fine grained matt; 2 - “Ilford” IV RC Delux mgd.1M, multi- grade, resin-coated base; 3 - “Samshite” (produced by “Slavich” TU 6- 56-00205133-30-92, Pereslavl, Russia) white, normal contrast, semi-cardboard, resin- coated base. Ag + S  Ag 2 S Ag + [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- + Fe 3+  Fe 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3 Ag + [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- + UO 2 2+  (UO 2 ) 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ] Ag + [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- + Cu 2+  Cu 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ]

11 Sensitogramm corresponding to the number of procedures

12 Creation of colloidal systems from color silver salts by two steps coloring: 1-st step - bleaching: Ag + Hal - + Cr 2 O 7 2-  AgHal Ag + Hal - + S 2 O 8 2-  AgHal Ag + Hal - + MnO 4 - + H +  AgHal Ag + Hal - + Cu 2+  AgHal Ag + Hal - + [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3-  AgHal Ag + [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3-  Ag 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] Ag + [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- + Ni 2+  Ni 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ] Ag + [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- + Cd 2+  Cd 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ] Ag + [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- + Pb 2+  Ag 2 Pb[Fe(CN) 6 ] 2-nd step - toning: AgHal + S 2-  Ag 2 S AgHal + Se 2-  Ag 2 Se Ag 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] + Fe 3+  Fe 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3 Ag 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] + UO 2 2+  (UO 2 ) 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ] Ag 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] + Cu 2+  Cu 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ] Ni 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ] + C 4 H 6 N 2 O 2  Ni(C 4 H 6 N 2 O 2 ) 2 Cd 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ] + S 2-  CdS Ag 2 Pb[Fe(CN) 6 ]+ Fe 3+ + Cr 2 O 7 2-  Fe 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3 + PbCrO 4 Ag 2 Pb[Fe(CN) 6 ] + S 2-  Ag 2 S + PbS Ag 2 Pb[Fe(CN) 6 ] + Cr 2 O 7 2-  PbCrO 4 Ag 2 Pb[Fe(CN) 6 ] + Co 2+  Co 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ] B1 K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]0,1M B2 K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]0,1M Na 2 CO 3 0,2M a - KCl0,1M b - KBr0,1M c - KI0,1M B3 K 2 Cr 2 O 7 0,1M H 2 SO 4 0,1M a - KCl0,1M b - KBr0,1M c - KI0,1M B4 ”1” - KMnO 4 0,03M a - KCl0,1M b - KBr0,1M c - KI0,1M ”2” - H 2 SO 4 0,1M ”3” - K 2 S 2 O 5 0,1M Working solution:”1”+”2”= 1+1. Colourless in solution ”3”. B5 (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 0,1M H 2 SO 4 0,1M a - KCl0,1M b - KBr0,1M c - KI0,1M B6 K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]0,1M Pb(NO 3 ) 2 0,05M CH 3 COOH0,5M B7 ”1” - CdCl 2 0,2M ”2” - K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 0,1M ”3” - Potassium citrate 1M Working solution: ”1”+”2”+”3”= 1+1+1. B8 ”1” - Potassium citrate 1M ”2” - NiCl 2. 6H 2 O 0,1M ”3” - K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 0,1M Working solution: ”1”+”2”+”3”= 1+1+1. B9 CuSO 4. 5H 2 O 0,5M H 2 SO 4 0,1M a - KCl 0,1M b - KBr 0,1M c - KI 0,1M It is possible to use B3, B4, B5, B9 bleachers instead of B2 bleacher in the cases "a", "b", "c".

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