1. Pavements

2. Concrete –Rigid pavement Used where strength is an issue Runways, interstates and major roads –Continuous reinforcing Must have a good base and joints and cracks must be sealed Long life – 50 years Major rehab is a major problem

3. Concrete Forming and pouring –Old way – set forms and have equipment ride the forms Paving train – mix, place, finish, cure all in one train of equip Standard forms 10 ft long 8 – 12 inches deep –New Way Slip form, Use 0 slump concrete Machine pulls form with it slab comes out finished F 8-1, 8-2

4. Concrete Roller Compacted Concrete –Dam construction, landfills –0 slump concrete is placed on a site and compacted w/vibratory roller –Higher strength, low air entrainment

5. Asphalt Bituminous –Bituminous distributor F8-4 Used on all types of bituminous construction Application rate depends on spray bar length, travel speed, pump output Control by bitumeter S = (9xP)/(WxR) S= road speed, P = pump output, W= spraybar width, R= application rate

6. Asphalt Surface treatments –Prime coat – goes on unpaved surface Provides waterproofing and wear surface 0.25 – 0.5 gal/sq. yd.- cures in 24 – 48 hours –Tack coat – goes on a paved surface to act as bonding agent 0.1 gal/sy – quick cure –Dust pallitive – keeps dust down for 30 days –Fog seal – slow setting, 1-3 parts water –Emulsion slurry sealer – driveway sealer –Sand seal – fine aggregates and asphalt

7. Asphalt Single pass treatments –Spray bitumin –Cover with aggregate 1 stone deep 25 – 30 # of aggregrate/sy 0.25- 0.3 gal/sy binder Sweep surface Apply prime coat, cure Apply binder Apply aggregate Roll surface Sweep to remove loose stone

8. Asphalt Multi pass treatments –Spray bitumin –Multiple single pass treatments 25 – 30 # of aggregrate/sy 0.25- 0.3 gal/sy binder Each layer’s aggregate is ½ size of previous layer

9. Asphalt Asphalt Paving –Hot mix – high type pavements –Cold mix – patching –Penetration macadam – old way of paving Place and compact 4” of coarse aggregate Cover with asphalt binder and a smaller aggregate (key aggregate) and rolled

10. Asphalt Road Mix –Mixed on roadway –Grader, rotary mixer, travel plants –Hard to get a consistent result

11. Asphalt Hot Mix (HMA) –highest form of asphalt pavement –Can be used as soon as compacted and cooled to ambient temp –Flexible, frost resistant Cold mix – like hot mix –Advantages – can haul long distances, stockpile, –Disadvantages – slow curing, low initial stability, difficult to compact in cold weather

12. Asphalt Hot mix paving operations –Delivery of asphalt mix,spreading and compaction –Spreader couples with the delivery truck and pushes it along as asphalt is unloaded –Spreader spreads and compacts –Spreader consists of pusher unit and screed unit –Spreaders control depth and width of pavement using laser, stringline, shoe to control screed elevation

13. Asphalt Towed pavers – smaller jobs – usually driveways –Max width 10 ft –Large paver To lay a 3” deep, 12 ft wide, strip at 50 ft/min need 600 tons/hr of asphalt

14. Asphalt Compacting immediately after spreading –Breakdown rolling – provides initial compaction - static steel rollers with drive wheel forward –Intermediate rolling – pneumatic rollers – better surface sealing –Finish rolling – tandem steel rollers – final compaction

15. Asphalt Superpave –Developed due to asphalt concrete failures Uses lower asphalt content,crushed stone and optimizes for local conditions- NYS thruway uses 7 different mixes

16. Repair and Rehab Highways –Resurface, restoration, rehabilitation and reconstruction – 4Rs –Resurfacing surface treatments, overlays, –Restoration and Rehab – return highway to acceptable condition Planning or milling top layer, fixing lower level, repave –Reconstruction – complete redo of roadway

17. Repair and Rehab Recycling pavement –Concrete is broken up and sent to a recycling plant which removes steel and crushes concrete into aggregate –Asphalt is milled and recycled in an asphalt plant F- 8-10&8-11 –HMWK Ch 7 # 2,3,9 Ch 8 # 5,7,9