1. William A. Vega Provost Professor Executive Director

2.  An estimated 39 million in 2008  Projected to reach 72 million by 2030 (Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics, 2010)

3.  Expected to increase six fold by 2030  Fastest growing ethnic sub-group of elders (Bureau of the Census, 2008; Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics, 2010)

4.  The ability to retain an appropriate level of independent living in one’s community and place of residence and personal control over one’s lifestyle

5.  Current practices in human services, public health and health care fail to promote and sustain optimal functioning for Latino elders to “age in place” in low-income communities  Disparities research has shown that inequality produces disproportionate hardships in physical and mental health in later life for Latinos (Vega et al., 2009)

6. Household wealth among Latinos declined more sharply than among either Blacks or Whites between 2005 and 2009. Food insecurity increased to 32.1% compared to 23.8% previous to recession for Latinos Even though Latinos are 16% of the population, 6.1 million children are in poverty, an increase of 36.1%, compared to 4.4 million Black (up 11.7%), and 5.0 million White (up 17.6%) children

7. Community Context Social Support Human and Social Services Quality of Life

8.  The fundamental challenge facing American society is how to reconcile enduring economic inequality with the need to supply a higher quality of life and improved human services for low- income elders (Orr et al., 2003)  Latinos increasingly live in ethnically segregated, high-risk communities

9. Cause of Death20002009Percent Change Coronary heart disease220129 -42% Stroke5734 -41% Lung cancer4131 -23% COPD3530 -13% Alzheimer’s disease1121 94% Pneumonia/influenza3221 -34% Diabetes2420 -17% Colorectal cancer1814 -19% Liver disease1411 -10% Breast cancer (females)2421 -9% HIV/AIDS63 -50% Homicide107 -33% Rate (per 100,000) Age-adjusted to year 2000 U.S. standard population The Best News You Never Heard: Trends in the Leading Causes of Death, Los Angeles County, 1999-2009 9

10. Data based on death certificates Death Rate: Latinos vs All Persons

12.  The role of community in successful “aging in place” for low-income Latinos has received little attention in research  A community that supports “aging in place” provides a safe environment for exercise, recreation, socialization, sufficient access to preventative and health and human services, various means to receive adequate nutrition, and opportunities for personal growth

13.  Residentially segregated Latino communities exemplify persistent structured inequality in American society (Lawrence, Sutton, Kubisch, Susi, Fulbright-Anderson, 2004)  Is it possible to improve public and private institutions and services, as well as sustain or increase the social capital of low-income communities, without a commensurate improvement in the financial status of residents?

14. L.A.MINORITY AGING SURVEY Purpose: to identify living circumstances and health status of non-institutionalized Latino and African American elders living in disadvantaged neighborhoods in Los Angeles. 14

15. what changes have happened due to country’s economic situation? someone in family lost a job and has been unable to find another (38%) had to sell something important or use up savings (30%) have been unable to pay bills that were able to pay before (28%) have lost their usual source of income (25%) someone in house lost a job and had to take a lower-paying one (16%) someone had to move in for economic reasons (14%) had to move from own home to live somewhere else (13%) 15

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17. Quality of life components for aging in place... social integration living with others communication with friends and relatives intimate relationship community shared values cooperation and assistance sense of belonging infrastructure transportation safety accessibility sense of control capacity to effect desired change 17

18. Quality of life components for aging in place... social integration living with others communication with friends and relatives intimate relationship community shared values cooperation and assistance sense of belonging infrastructure transportation safety accessibility sense of control capacity to effect desired change 18

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20. highly similar desire for improvement in all areas asked about: transportation for the elderly (90% “very important”) assistive medical devices (88% “very important”) home health care/nurse (79% “very important”) homemaker services (76% “very important”) in-home delivered meals (65% “very important”) 20

21.  Decades of research has shown that individuals benefit from adequate social support over their entire life course (Umberson, Crosnoe, & Reczek, 2010)  The well-documented salutary effects of social support on emotional well-being may offset the deficits in community resources among some Latinos, especially immigrants

22.  Demand is decreasing for non-Hispanic Whites and increasing for African Americans and Latinos  Availability is increasing for non-Hispanic Whites due to growth of the private sectors providers  Availability is dropping for Latinos and African Americans due to loss of public pay providers and few replacement providers

23.  Low-income Latinos face major challenges in access to and quality of human services and medical care received, especially for chronic diseases (Beal, Hernandez, & Doty, 2009; Perez, Ang, & Vega, 2009)  The human services system and medical care services systems are poorly integrated and at best tend to provide only short-term patient tracking and management

24.  The Geriatric Day Hospital (GDH) was pioneered in the 20 th century by British physicians  The goal is to provide easily accessible services that reach elders where they live, thus fostering independent living by coordinating services of health care professionals with social workers and other community health aides  This approach is intended to provide timely health oversight for patients

25.  On nearly 70 percent of their indices, Latinos are receiving substandard care, the worst profile of any U.S. ethnic group (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], 2009)  Two-thirds of people over 65 who are ineligible for Medicare are Latinos (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], 2009)

26.  Community Living Assistance Services and Support Act (CLASS) Act was the promising legislation of our time to support aging in place  It represented the first thoroughgoing redesign of public policy to address long-term care needs of elders in 50 years  It was dropped from the ACA in Fall 2011 because it was not financially viable as an self supporting program

27.  Community participation is needed to address core determinants of health and well-being of our population, including social determinants directly affecting aging people  National Institutes of Health (NIH) has progressively moved in the direction of community-based research

28.  The ultimate challenge will be to functionally integrate the planning and implementation across three domains that historically have had only coincidental connections  Establishing initiatives that foster community resident participation, and even advocacy, is a basic requirement for effectiveness and successful implementation

29. Health and Sprawl People living in counties marked by sprawling development:  Walk less in their leisure time  Are more likely to have high blood pressure  Have higher body mass indexes  Are more likely to be overweight (average 6 pound difference) Ewing R, et al: American Journal of Health Promotion 18(1) Sept/Oct 2003 Photo from: http://blog.travelpod.com/travel-photo/arsucasas/1/1267654070/2_rty.jpg/tpod.html 29

30. CTG Strategy Areas  Five Strategy Areas 1)Tobacco-free living 2)Healthy eating and active living 3)Clinical preventive services 4)Social and emotional wellness 5)Healthy and safe environments 30

31.  Building Healthy Communities  Dedicates nearly 50 percent of its annual giving to a 10-year commitment to 14 high-risk communities across the state of California

32. CurrentEnvironmental Change Increased marketing of junk food, tobacco, and alcohol Place limits on marketing of junk food to children (around schools, parks…) Decreased access to fresh, nutritious, affordable food Promote local public markets Provide incentives for businesses that provide healthy food Proliferation of fast food restaurants Use zoning tools to limit the location and density of fast food restaurants Source: Public Health Institute 32

33. 33 Key New Tool – Health Impact Assessment (HIA) HIA is tool for systematically evaluating, synthesizing, and communicating information about potential health impacts for more informed decision-making, especially in other sectors. 33

34.  The success of the “aging in place” movement will be determined by how successfully policies and programs are implemented  Programs must contend with complex federal, state, county, and city policies and administrative systems

35. The Chain of Effect in health and improving quality of life for low-income disabled seniors Macro-system Policy development Inter-sector planning, organization and financing Research knowledge Model testing and develop- ment, efficacy and effective- ness trials, scaling up Micro-systems Context Processes of elder care Program implementation Seniors Seniors Design concepts for integrated multi sector community models with practice standards, clinical extended services, upskilled staffing for home assistance, social network and and community stakeholder participation

36. - Donald Berwick