1. Welcome to 2014 Level 1 Clinic

2. Outline for today –Basic requirements for Officials in Ireland –Rules Knowledge Know the Definitions –Officials Duties Linesman & Linejudge Umpire Back Judge

3. Kit –Striped Long Sleeve Shirt, Black Hat, Penalty Flag, Bean Bag, Whistle & Record Card 4 sets supplied to all SBC & IAFL1 teams in 2013 season Remaining Teams –Sets of kit will be supplied before first assignments »Range of sizes were estimated where team did not reply –Black (or majority black) tracksuit bottoms & boots That’s all you need to supply –Except for protection from Irish weather (cold, rain & sun) Basic Requirements

4. Bedtime reading –NCAA Rules URL on IAFA web site for NCAA 2013-14 book –Full PDF file RuleTool –Good interactive web site –Mechanics Green Book –All SBC & IAFL1 teams from 2013 have 4 copies –New teams for 2014 will get books –Newsflash Published weekly on IAFA web site Basic Requirements

5. Assignments –Outline schedule sent out pre-season Team Management Team Officials –Detailed assignment for 2 week period sent out mid-week Covers next two weeks –You need to advise Referee at least 24hrs before KO who is going to work the game If there is a late change, Referee knows who to contact Basic Requirements

6. Travel –Please travel together wherever possible This minimises expenses –If you really cannot do this, please advise the Referee & Tony Rivers in advance with reason –You need to arrive 90 mins before scheduled KO time If delayed, you are expected to contact the Referee to advise on arrival time Basic Requirements

7. Rules Knowledge

8. Outline of Rule Book –Rule 1 – The Game, Field, Players & Equipment –Rule 2 – Definitions –Rule 3 – Periods, Time Factors & Substitutions –Rule 4 – Ball in Play, Dead Ball, Out of Bounds –Rule 5 – Series of Downs, Line to Gain –Rule 6 – Kicks –Rule 7 – Snapping & Passing the ball –Rule 8 – Scoring –Rule 9 – Conduct of Players & Others subject to Rules –Rule 10 – Penalty Enforcement –Rule 11 – The Officials: Jurisdiction & Duties –Rule 12 – Instant Replay

9. Rules Knowledge The Field End Zones –10 yds deep Team Box –Between the 25-yd lines & –4 yds from field Coaching Box –Between the 25-yd lines & –Between 2 to 4 yds from field Restricted Areas –Between the 25-yd lines & –2 yds next to field

10. Rules Knowledge The Field 3-Yard Try mark 4-Yard Restraining line Pylons –At least 4 per end zone, 6 suggested –Proper placement important! Hash marks (in-bounds lines) 9-Yard (tic) marks and/or numbers

11. Helmets, jerseys and socks must be the same color and design –socks do not need to be the same length Mouthguards may not be white or transparent Mandatory equipment  Tailbone protector  Thigh pads  Knee pads  Socks Player Equipment  Helmet  Mouthguard  Shoulder pads  Hip pads

12. Illegal items Any dangerous equipment (e.g. hard, abrasive, unyielding) Jerseys that have been taped or tied Eye shields that not clear Additional Information on Illegal equipment –see NCAA Rules Appendix E Player Equipment

13. You need to know the rules Essential that you know the definitions –RULE 2 –So much will hinge on your knowledge of the definitions later in the rule book & out on the field –Wording used may not be what you expect or normally use Let’s get you thinking – what do you understand by the following –Fumble –Muff –Batting –Touching –Blocking a Scrimmage Kick Rules Knowledge

14. 1.Fumble 2.Muff 3.Batting 4.Touching 5.Blocking a Scrimmage Kick Rules Knowledge

15. Fumble Rules Knowledge ARTICLE 1. To fumble the ball is to lose player possession by any act other than passing, kicking or successful handing (A.R. 2-19-2-I and A.R. 4-1-3-I). The status of the ball is a fumble.

16. Muff Rules Knowledge ARTICLE 2. To muff the ball is to make an unsuccessful attempt to catch or recover a ball that is touched in the attempt. Muffing the ball does not change its status.

17. Batting Rules Knowledge ARTICLE 3. Batting the ball is intentionally striking it or intentionally changing its direction with the hand(s) or arm(s). When in question, the ball is accidentally touched rather than batted. Batting the ball does not change its status.

18. Touching Rules Knowledge ARTICLE 4. Touching of a ball not in player possession denotes any contact with the ball (Exceptions: Rules 6-1- 4-a and b and 6-3-4-a and b). It may be intentional or unintentional, and it always precedes possession and control. Intentional touching is deliberate or intended touching. When in question, a ball has not been touched on a kick or forward pass. 6-1-4 a. A player blocked by an opponent into a free kick is not, while inbounds, deemed to have touched the kick. b. An inbounds player touched by a ball batted by an opponent is not deemed to have touched the ball. 6-3-4 - Similar wording for scrimmage kicks

19. Blocking a Scrimmage Kick Rules Knowledge ARTICLE 5. Blocking a scrimmage kick is touching the ball by an opponent of the kicking team in an attempt to prevent the ball from advancing beyond the neutral zone (Rule 6-3-1-b).

20. Test your understanding of these concepts Rules Knowledge

21. Test your understanding of these concepts Rules Knowledge What happened? –B7 muffed the ball B 17yd line –BJ threw a bean Bag –A17 recovered the ball at B 10yd line –A17 ran into the End Zone What is the result of the play? –B7 muffed the ball Does this change the status of the ball? –As a result, this is still a Scrimmage Kick BJ does not need a Bean Bag as kick had not ended –Can Team A recover the ball Yes, as Team B has touched the ball, it is now live –Can Team A advance the ball after recovery No – as this is still a kick, Team A cannot advance the ball. Play should have been blown dead at 10yd line. NO

22. 22 Offensive lineman –A player “on his line of scrimmage” Plays from scrimmage – Definitions  This means that some part of him must be breaking the plane drawn through the snapper’s waist Rules Knowledge

23. Offensive back 23 Plays from scrimmage – Definitions  A player who is NOT breaking the plane drawn through the rear-most part of the nearest lineman  Exception: The quarterback is defined as a back Rules Knowledge

24. 24 Who is an “end”? Plays from scrimmage – Definitions  A lineman on the end of the line  Who is an “interior lineman”?  A lineman who is not an end Rules Knowledge

25. 2-27-4 Lineman and Back –Lineman A Team A player is on his scrimmage line when he faces his opponent’s goal line with the line of his shoulders approximately parallel thereto and either He is the snapper His head breaks the plane of the line drawn through the waistline of the snapper. –You can have Interior Lineman – not on end of line Restricted Linemen – interior linemen or wears number 50-79 –Back A back is any Team A player who is not a lineman and whose head or shoulder does not break the plane of the line drawn through the waistline of the nearest Team A lineman. –A back can also be the player in position to receive a hand-to-hand snap.

31. 2-16-5 Passer Rules Knowledge –The passer is the player who throws a forward pass. 2-16-1 Passing –Passing the ball is throwing it. –A pass continues to be a pass until it is caught or intercepted by a player or the ball becomes dead. 2-27-7 Runner and Ball Carrier –The runner is a player in possession of a live ball or simulating possession of a live ball. –A ball carrier is a runner in possession of a live ball. –He is a passer from the time he releases the ball until the pass is complete, incomplete or intercepted or until he moves to participate in the play.

32. Offensive linemen are permitted to block in the back, and clip, within this 10 yard by 6 yard zone –Lineman may not leave the zone, return and block in the back or clip –The free blocking zone exists until the ball is outside the zone Blocking zone (mostly Umpire’s responsibility) Rules Knowledge

33. The tackle box is 10 yards across and extends from the neutral zone to Team A’s end zone –This is relevant for horsecollar tackles, intentional grounding and roughing (or running into) the kicker Tackle Box (mostly Referee’s responsibility) Rules Knowledge

34. all officials need to understand basic clock mechanics The clock will automatically stop if an official signals: Signals An incomplete pass A touchback A score Rules Knowledge Clock

35. If you are the covering official when: –The ball-carrier goes out of bounds –A loose ball goes out of bounds –An illegal kick occurs (beyond the neutral zone or a return kick) In the following situations, when the play is over: –If you have thrown a flag –If there has been a change of possession –If Team A has achieved a 1st down (or we need a measure) –After a free kick or scrimmage kick down –A team requests a timeout, or a player is clearly injured When another official signals stop the clock When do you need to stop the clock? Rules Knowledge Clock

36. Question: when is the ball ‘live’? –Answer: after a legal free kick or legal snap Question: When is the ball dead? Status of the ball: live and dead 1.Inadvertent whistle 2.Out of bounds 3.Forward progress stopped 4.Ball carrier ‘down’ 5.Score 6.Kicking team recovers ball 7.Loose ball comes to rest, no attempt to secure 8.Fair catch 9.Illegal kick 10.forward pass is ruled incomplete 11.4 th down fumble 12.Simultaneous catch 13.Ball becomes illegal 14.in possession of an official 15.ball carrier simulates knee on the ground 16.airborne pass receiver is held to prevent return 17.ball carrier loses helmet Rules Knowledge Live & Dead Ball

37. Linesman & Line Judge Free Kicks Running Plays Passing Plays Scrimmage Kick Plays

38. HL & LJ Free Kick H & LJ duties –Ensure that sidelines are clear, count Kicking Team & ensure that they are within 9yd marks Signal readiness to Umpire –Watch the restraining lines that you are standing on –LJ Which line are you standing at? What are you looking for initially? –HL Which line are you standing at? What are you looking for initially?

39. Free Kick What’s LJ looking for? LJ –Which line are you standing at? On Kicking team’s restraining line line from where ball kicked –What are you looking for? ARTICLE 2-c When the ball is kicked (A.R. 6-1-2-I-IV): 1. Each Team A player, except the holder and kicker of a place kick, must be behind the ball –How do you respond? For onside kick, it is a flag On normal kick, if Team A are marginally ahead of ball, warn player & coach after the play On normal kick, if Team A are obviously ahead of ball (you can see daylight between ball & player), it is a flag

40. Free Kick What’s HL looking for? HL –Which line are you standing at? On Receiving team’s restraining line 10 yds from line from where the ball is kicked –What are you looking for? Has the ball gone 10yds? Who touches it first? –How do you respond? If <10yds & Team A first touch ball – drop bean bag at yard line –What ever happens on play, Team B will have option of taking ball at this spot. If Team A block either –BEFORE ball goes 10yds –Team B touches ball, flag If Team B first touches ball, live ball

41. Free Kick HL & LJ Normal Free Kick now at 35yd line

42. H & LJ duties –Don’t go downfield too far, too fast or in-field Should be 15-20 yd buffer between you and deep official Returner should be between the two officials –Be prepared to cover kick catch if short kick to your area –Watch blocks ahead of play If return along your side, watch blocking ahead of return If return on other side, watch players away from return –You will probably be the only official to see “off the ball” action –Return Out of bounds on your side Go out to assist runner back in-field Ensure no extra action Relay ball back in-field –Return Out of bounds on other side Mirror OOB spot on other side of field HL & LJ Free Kick

43. Concentrate on following –Kick Catch Interference (if in your area) –At the point of attack Holding Illegal use of hands Illegal Block in the back –Blocking below the waist anywhere on field –Away from the point of attack Any Safety Personnel Fouls HL & LJ Free Kick

44. HL & LJ Free Kick

45. HL & LJ Running Plays Before each down –Player Substitution What is allowed? –Count Defence What are signals to use? With who are you confirming this count? –Ensure side line clear Keep that first 6ft clear for yourself –Down and distance You should know this Query crew if you think differently …. you may be correct –Status of clock Is the game clock running?

46. HL & LJ Running Plays After huddle breaks –Indicate if widest man is on/off the line What is the signal? –Check no more than 4 in backfield Who is in the backfield? –Identify Eligible receivers Backs & Ends –But no player numbered 50-79 –Man in motion If on your side of centre, your responsibility to rule –Is he moving forward at the snap?

47. HL & LJ Running Plays Before and at the Snap –Five dead ball penalties –Blow whistle & throw flag Offensive False Start Defence offside –drawing offence reaction –Contacting offence –Clear path to back or QB Illegal Substitution Illegal Snap Offence in or beyond the Neutral Zone +

48. HL & LJ Running Plays alt At the Snap –Live ball penalties –throw flag Illegal Motion Illegal Shift Illegal Formation Defensive Offside The above only become fouls at the snap

49. HL & LJ Running Plays

50. HL & LJ Running Plays L & HL duties –Run up middle Give fair progress spot & mirror with other wing official –Run off tackle to your side Move up-field trailing play & give progress Watch blocks ahead of runner while he’s behind LOS Watch action by & against the runner when he’s beyond LOS –Run off tackle to far side Cover action between you and next official –You will probably be the only one to see “off the ball” action

51. HL & LJ Running Plays Back to Umpire

52. HL & LJ Running Plays L & HL duties –Wide sweep to your side Move wide and into backfield to allow runner to go ahead of you –now trail play & give progress If Runner goes OOB, stay at OOB spot, give Time out signal & watch OOB –You should get assistance from R or BJ who will go OOB to assist after the play –Wide sweep to far side Cover action between you and next official –You will probably be the only official to see any off the ball action –If obvious first down, stop the clock LJ has the best call on this as they can see the ball and front stake at the same time.

53. HL & LJ Running Plays

54. HL & LJ Passing Plays L & HL duties –All the initial duties for Running plays –Determine your key receiver(s) in formation –Watch initial action by & against key receiver(s) Defence holding receiver getting off the line Offense initiating contact This lasts 2-3secs from snap – then you go to zone coverage

55. HL & LJ Passing Plays L & HL duties –Drift down field along sideline – but not too far –Does receiver go OOB voluntarily – bean bag spot Is he first to touch pass - flag –You have entire sideline & OOB spot –Give good progress spot if player driven back after catch –If you get beat deep, don’t try to break 100m record to catch-up You have help from BJ for goal line

56. HL & LJ Passing Plays Back to UmpireBack to Back Judge

57. HL & LJ Scrimmage Kicks Punts & Field Goals HL & LJ duties (Punts) –All the initial duties for Running plays –HL must stay at LOS until the ball has crossed it Ball needs to touch –Ground –Player –Official –Anything beyond neutral zone –then move 10-15yds downfield Be aware to cover a kick falling short If kick goes to far side of field, watch players between you and next official – don’t watch the ball

58. HL & LJ Scrimmage Kicks Punts & Field Goals HL & LJ duties (Punts) –LJ move downfield 10-15yds after the ball is kicked Be aware to cover a kick falling short If kick goes to far side of field, watch players between you and next official – don’t watch the ball –HL & LJ are responsible for entire sideline If kick goes OOB, you need to get the spot Seek assistance from R if you are unsure –What signal will you use? –LJ (4 man) Move downfield level with deepest receiver You are now doing BJ job from 5 man crew

59. HL & LJ Scrimmage Kicks Punts & Field Goals Back to Umpire Back to Back Judge

60. HL & LJ Scrimmage Kicks Punts & Field Goals HL & LJ duties (Field Goals & kicked PATs) –All the initial duties for Running plays –HL does exactly the same as on a punt –LJ If LOS outside 20yd line, exactly the same as on a punt If LOS within the 20yd line, you should be under the post with the BJ –LJ (4 man) You are under the posts

61. HL & LJ Scrimmage Kicks Punts & Field Goals

62. Management of Chain Crew Introduce yourself to the Chain Crew & try to remember their names Better to be able to call down box by name instead of “oi you, come here” Emphasise to crew that safety comes first If players are running towards you, drop the markers and move out of the way Explain that the chain crew are part of the officiating crew for the day Keep any comments quiet Go through the procedure to set-up chains for a first down Align down box with downfield foot of HL Put back stake behind down box & wrap foot beside two posts Stretch out chains until tight Set clip (if possible) at rearmost 5yd line that crosses chains Move chains back 6feet keeping back stake aligned to down box Move down box back in front of back stake Don’t move down box or chains unless directed to by HL Don’t move down box or chains if you see a flag on the field If HL is asking you to move, point out the flag as he may not have seen it

63. Management of Chain Crew MEASUREMENTS R will call officials timeout and motion for the chains to be brought infield Direct Downbox to move to front stake (unless penalty to be enforced) HL go to clip and hold tightly Don’t want clip moving around or falling off while you are bringing in the chains for that critical game deciding measurement! LJ go to 5yd line where clip is located and spot on HL side of ball Don’t bring chains over the ball HL place clip down on line and say “ready” U can now take front stake from chain crew and gently pull tight R now has credit card ready to check

64. Management of Chain Crew MEASUREMENTS 2 results If FIRST DOWN HL take chains back to sideline Move down box to reflect gain and reset the chains for first down If short and within hash marks HL take chains back to sideline HL reset chains using clip as guide Move down box back a short distance to reflect how short from measure If short and outside the hash marks R take hold of chain at front of ball HL take clips and bring into hash marks and set clip on line U carry front stake and gently stretch when HL ready R place ball at mark you are holding HL use process for “short & within hash marks”

65. Management of Chain Crew 1 st /2 nd quarter and 3 rd /4 th quarter change of ends Full Crew should Record on your score cards the down, distance & yard line BEFORE you do anything else HL also note yard line for clip If FIRST DOWN HL take chains and reset for first down at relevant yard line at other end of the field If any other down HL grab clip as if you were going to measure Request front & back stake operators to swop positions You have now reversed the chain Now move down field to correct yard line at other end of field HL reset chains using clip as reference Set down box At end – you should be in position that you wrote down before any action was taken Full Crew – if you have a query about anything, ASK before the next play

66. Umpire Free Kicks Running Plays Passing Plays Scrimmage Kick Plays

67. U duties –Brief the Kicker Don’t kick the ball until Referee blows whistle Don’t kick the ball if it falls off the tee Remove tee after the play (it’s a safety issue) –Count kicking team Check with L + LJ –After L + LJ have signalled their readiness, raise arm to signal to Referee NOW step aside to avoid kicker & other kicking team players –Stand on line 5yds behind Kick off line Make sure rest of Kicking team are within 5yds of Kick off line Umpire Free Kick

68. Umpire Free Kick U duties –Initially watch action against the kicker around 5 yds –Slowly drift downfield –Observe blocks in the centre of the field –Observe blocks ahead of the runner –Assist if Kick Off goes Out of Bounds Relevant official may signal for assistance –What is signal for assistance? –What signals does the Umpire use? –If return breaks free you need to cover the kicking team’s goal line What do you think of this coverage?

69. Umpire Free Kick

70. Umpire Running Plays U duties –Count Offense & confirm count with R Confirm more than 11 – whistle & flag –Be prepared to stay with ball – especially if R gives signal What signal should you respond to from Referee? –Check Offensive Team numbering Does Team A have 5 players numbered 50-79 on line? –Stand around 7yds deep Avoid blocking view of players Avoid interfering with Linebacker or Tight End exampleexample Vary position – clever team will use you as an extra blocker –See the ball at the snap Check for illegal snap –Read linemen – run or pass + +

71. Umpire Running Plays U duties –Watch for chop blocks exampleexample This is a safety foul –Monitor blocks at point of attack Up the middle - think C/G or G/T Off tackle – think T –Observe action ahead of runner –Wide sweep observe action between your position and the ball –Long run Observe action behind ball (but don’t trail by too much) –Do move but not too much Think Matador Reminder of previous slide

72. Umpire Passing Plays U duties –All the initial duties for Running plays –Read linemen - if pass, move forward towards LOS Be aware of short pass to receiver coming out of back field –You are probably in his route Be aware of crossing routes Reminder of previous slide

73. Umpire Passing Plays U duties –Watch interior linemen (players numbered 50-79) Are they more than 3yds down field BEFORE a forward pass that crosses NZ is thrown? –Does a Defensive lineman touch a pass? What signal should you give? Why is this important? –After pass thrown, turn and watch play from inside-out Occasionally, you have the best view of catch/no-catch Don’t call Pass Interference unless you have seen complete play

74. Umpire Scrimmage Kicks Punts & Field Goals U duties –All the initial duties for Running plays Except numbering restriction but you need to remember the interior numbers –Watch the Snapper – he is protected from being blocked Let’s hear you warn the defence – “Leave the Snapper” Guidance on how long protection lasts –while he’s still down –until he make move to take part in the play –Stay focused on players in your area –As players go past you, turn and move in that direction –Don’t forget, if it’s a bad snap, there could still be a run or pass! Reminder of previous slide

75. Back Judge Free Kicks Running Plays Passing Plays Scrimmage Kick Plays

76. Back Judge Free Kick BJ duties –Count Receiving Team Players & ensure clear side lines BJ – signal readiness to R –Start at Pylon (LJ side) On deep kick to coffin corner if ball untouched by receiving team - need to know if ball crosses –side line –goal line –If kick short, drift up-field along side line If return on your side of field, you are responsible for the Runner If return on other side of field, cover action between you & Runner –If Runner goes out of bounds on your side, hold the spot BUT face out of bounds You should get assistance from up-field official on your side line

77. Back Judge Running Plays BJ duties –Position about 15-20yds deep - between hash marks –Count defence & confirm with HL & LJ Confirm more than 11 – whistle & flag –At snap, start moving backwards –Run up middle Watch action ahead of runner Don’t get drawn in too quickly in case runner breaks free –Run to either side Watch action ahead of runner – especially around point of attack You may have good view of illegal action +

78. Back Judge Running Plays BJ duties –Run to wing goes OOB If more than 5-7yds beyond LOS, you need to be cover-up official Go OOB –to retrieve the runner & ball –Break-up any OOB action –Run breaks deep You need to be ahead of the runner Try to keep runner between you and wing official Get to goal line first (no need to go to the end line) Only give TD signal AT the goal line –If given early before runner crosses the line, what have you got?

79. Back Judge Running Plays

80. Back Judge Passing Plays BJ duties –All the initial duties for Running plays –Determine your key receiver(s) in formation –Watch initial action by & against key receiver(s) Defence holding receiver getting off the line Offense initiating contact This lasts 2-3secs from snap – then you go to zone coverage –Don’t get beaten deep on pass play That’s the reason why you should be stepping backwards at snap You maybe the only one covering the goal line or end line Reminder of previous slide

81. Back Judge Scrimmage Kicks Punts & Field Goals BJ duties (punts) –All the initial duties for Running plays –Initial position is behind and to the side of deepest receiver If LOS within 40yd line – start on goal line This line is important –Have a bean bag readily available –Know when ball is kicked but switch attention to receiver He will let you know what’s happening to the kick in the air

82. Back Judge Scrimmage Kicks Punts & Field Goals BJ duties (punts) –Watch catch – don’t assume it will be caught Then drop bean bag at that spot (yard line will do) –Fair catch signal Legal signal Other signals –Interference with opportunity to catch One yard zone directly in front of receiver –Who first touches the ball Kicking team player – bean bag –If kick drops short, cover players from a distance Don’t feel the need to run into vicinity of the ball Reminder of previous slide

83. Back Judge Scrimmage Kicks Punts & Field Goals BJ duties (Field Goals & PAT) –All the initial duties for Running plays –Initial position is under the posts If LOS outside 20yd line, you are completely responsible If LOS within 20yd line, LJ will also be under posts –You are responsible for cross bar –Have a bean bag readily available –If kick drops short, cover players from a distance Don’t feel the need to run into vicinity of the ball

84. Running Plays Goal line

85. Running Plays Goal line If LOS is between 7 - 15yd lines –HL & LJ no change –BJ start in end zone and move towards threatened line If LOS is inside 7yd line –HL & LJ move directly to the pylon AFTER the snap to cover Goal line –BJ start on end line

86. Passing Plays Interference What do we need –A LEGAL forward pass that crosses the Neutral Zone Offense –Contact by Team A player beyond Neutral Zone during a pass play that interferes with Team B eligible player –Offense responsible for avoiding contact –This can happen at any point in the play Types –Pushing off –Driving through –Blocking Anything downfield before pass thrown Anything within 15yds of where pass thrown towards after the pass

87. Defence –Legal forward pass that crosses the Neutral Zone –Contact by defence that impedes eligible receiver opportunity to catch pass –Catchable pass Types –Not playing the ball –Playing through an opponent –Grabbing an arm –Arm Bar –Cut Off –Hook and turn Passing Plays Interference

88. Free Kick All officials –Kick Catch Interference (if in your area) –Blocking below the waist –Safety Personnel Fouls away from the point of attack –At the point of attack Holding Illegal use of hands Illegal Block in the back

89. Scrimmage Kicks Punts & Field Goals All officials –Kick Catch Interference (if in your area) –Blocking below the waist at any time during kick play –Safety Personnel Fouls away from the point of attack –At the point of attack Holding Illegal use of hands Illegal Block in the back

92. Key Receivers - 1 HL, LJ & BJ –Between 3 officials you need to cover 5 receivers Not quite true – possible 6 (don’t forget that QB is eligible) –Mechanics book shows 10 popular formations –General principles HL & LJ – widest receiver in formation BJ - TE or slot receiver –Wishbone BJ picks-up first receiver out of the back field –Spread formation BJ – inside receiver on LJ side HL has 2 receivers

93. Key Receivers - 2 HL, LJ & BJ –Trips on LJ side BJ – inside of 3 receivers on LJ side LJ takes outside 2 receivers –Trips on HL side BJ – inside 2 receivers on HL side HL takes widest receiver –Motion that does not change strength No changes –Motion that does change strength Generally BJ key changes If motion man become the widest receiver, he becomes the key for HL or LJ Formation examples Return – HL & LJReturn - BJ

103. Return – HL & LJReturn - BJ

104. Basic Positions Normal KickoffOn-side Kickoff BJ moves upto Receiving Team’s line Free Kick

105. Running Plays

106. Umpire Running Plays