1. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GSM Data evolution EDGE GSM HSCSD services upto 38.4 kbit/s (later up to 64 kbit/s) PDS services low bit rates GSM GPRS services upto 160 kbit/s UMTS GSM CS data services upto 9.6 kbit/s 91/92 9899/0002 Functionality

2. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS evolution towards 3 rd Generation HSCSD “High Speed Circuit Switched Data”  1 st step in GSM Phase 2+ that clearly increase achievable data Rates in the GSM System  14.4kbps Channel Coding =115.2kbps for 8 Tsl  Maximum data rate is limited to 64kbps due to CN a A-Interface limitation  Precondition:  Modify GSM Network to support HSCSD in BSC & MSC  Handsets has to support Multislot Capabilities  Today HSCSD (Data Cards)Handsets support 4 Tsl in Downlink and up to 2 Tsl in Uplink Direction

3. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS evolution towards 3 rd Generation  Depending on the Cell Configuration amount of Users is restricted  Multiple User cannot share a Tsl at the Air Interface  Depending on the Bearer Nature “Circuit Switched” a Tsl is dedicated to a Subscriber  Amount of Subscriber per Tsl is limited to 1  Circuit Switched Data has a long access time  Call Charging is based on connection time

4. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS evolution towards 3 rd Generation GPRS “General packet Radio System”  Connections do not reserve resources permanently, which is  Highly efficient for applications with a bursty nature  Short access time to the Network  Charging model can be based on transmitted volume  GPRS brings packet switched bearer services to the existing GSM System  User can Access Public Data Network directly using their Standard protocol addresses (IP, X.25)  GPRS Mobile can use between 1-8 channels over the air interface depending on the MS capabilities

5. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS evolution towards 3 rd Generation  Resource allocation is dynamic and dependent on demand and Resource Availability  Packets can be sent on idle time between speech call depending MS class types  Possible traffic types  point to point  point to multipoint (postponed to Release 4&5)  SMS capability  Anonymous access (planned)  Maximum Theoretical throughput per MS using 8 Tsl without Error Correction is 160kbps

6. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Logical Architecture Gf Gi Gn Gb Gc D C E Gp Gs Signaling and Data Transfer Interface Signaling Interface MSC/VLR TEMTBSS TE PDN RUm Gr A HLR Other PLMN SGSN GGSN Gd SM-SC SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC GGSN EIR

7. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Logical Architecture BSC GMSC MSC/VLR SGSN PTM-SC EIR HLR AUC GGSN IP-Backbone Network External IP Network External X.25 Network Gs Gf Gr Traffic & Signaling Signaling BTS - Base Transceiver Station BSC - Base Station Controller MSC - Mobile Switching Centre HLR - Home Location Register SGSN - Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN - Gateway GPRS Support Node PTM-SC - Point-to-Multipoint Service Centre Notebook & GPRS mobile BTS Gb External IP Network Um ISDN/ PSTN Gn Gi

8. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Network Node Functionality SGSN and GGSN are IP based packet switching nodes SGSN supports basic mobility management, session management, subscription checking, charging GGSN supports session management, charging and provides interconnect points to ISPs (Internet Service Provider) BSC (PCU) supports the Radio Link- and Medium Access Control protocol (RLC/MAC) BTS supports new channel coding and interleaving HLR supports subscriber data management

9. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Mobiles Class A: Simultaneous usage of Circuit- and Packet switched services ( 2 TRX=Dual Transfer Mode DTM is precondition ). Class B: Automatic choice of service, Circuit- or Packet switched, but only one at a time ( 1 TRX ). Suspension/resumption of GPRS services at setup/release of CS connection. Class C: Manually selected use of either Circuit- or Packet switched service. Special case is a packet only MS ( 1TRX ). Class A: Simultaneous usage of Circuit- and Packet switched services ( 2 TRX=Dual Transfer Mode DTM is precondition ). Class B: Automatic choice of service, Circuit- or Packet switched, but only one at a time ( 1 TRX ). Suspension/resumption of GPRS services at setup/release of CS connection. Class C: Manually selected use of either Circuit- or Packet switched service. Special case is a packet only MS ( 1TRX ).

10. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Mobile Station “Multislot Classes” ClassDownloadUpload Max. slots 1112 2213 3223 4314 5224 6324 7335 8415 9325 10425 11435 12445 1333unlimited 1444unlimited 1555unlimited 1666unlimited 1777unlimited 1888unlimited 1962unlimited 2063unlimited 2164unlimited 2264unlimited 2366unlimited 2482unlimited 2583unlimited 2684unlimited 2784unlimited 2886unlimited 2988unlimited

11. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Transmission Plan GSM RF MAC RLC LLC SNDCP IP / X.25 GTP L1 L2 Application GSM RF Frame Relay MAC RLCBSSGP L1bis BSSGP Frame Relay LLC SNDCPGTP L1bisL1 L2 IP MSBSS (PCU)SGSNGGSN Um Gn Gb Gi IP UDP/ TCP UDP/ TCP

12. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Routing Transmission Plane

13. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Handset IP Address Assignment  Mobile User connects to specified APN  APN is configured in the GGSN  Kinds of Handset IP address assignment GGSN pool per APN Subscriber IP Address assignment external DHCP Server Intranet DHCP Server Fixed IP Address Assignment in the HLR per Subscriber and APN (not or!!)

14. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Routing and Address Plan IPv4 ‣ used In GPRS Backbone (public & private) ‣ used for Handsets (public & private) IPv6 ‣ Backbone can support with Release 99 implementation ‣ current used GPRS capable Handsets does not support IPv6 ‣ 1 st steps visible for UMTS Handsets only

15. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Routing and Address Plan Further necessary Routing Instrument for GPRS  TLLI=Temporary Logical Link ID  Routing Area  Location Area

16. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Routing and Address Plan BVCI /LA/RA Handset IP GTP Address Tunnel ID =IMSI Handset IP TLLI Gb InterfaceGn Interface SGSN BSCSGSN GGSN

17. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 Avoid Collision at the Air Interface Data Transmission divided in to Up- and Downlink Data Traffic

18. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Multiplexing at RLC/MAC Layer

19. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Coding Schemes based on RLC/MAC

20. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Quality of Service Profile 1) Delay for packets of 128 octets; Delay class 1 (mean 0.5 sec, 95% < 1.5 sec) Delay class 2 (mean 5 sec, 95% < 25 sec) Delay class 3 (mean 50 sec, 95% < 250 sec) Delay class 4 (unpredicted) 2) Reliability Reliable data transfer (retransmission, delay) Unreliable data transfer (no retrans., small delay) Unreliable data transfer, erroneous data discarded (no retrans., small delay, data loss)

21. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Quality of Service Profile 3) Priority  Priority class 1 (highest priority) Priority class 2 Priority class 3 Priority class 4 (lowest priority) 4) Mean and 5) Peak throughput

22. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Roaming Direct Interconnect

23. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Roaming using IPSEC Tunnel via Internet

24. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Roaming using GRX

25. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Roaming Scenario using HGGSN

26. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 GPRS Roaming Scenario using VGGSN

27. © Sunrise 27.04.2015 further Steps  Packet Handling (PBCCH/PCCCH)  QoS Negotiation (Air GGSN)  Increasing USF Granularity  IPv6  Network Mode Changes to decrease MS signalling  MS with higher Multislot Capabilities  Extended MAC Modes  Technology  EDGE GPRS with 8PSK modulation  UMTS