1. 1 1 Summer Camp, 2013

2. 2 Constructive Learning & Graphic Organizers bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

3. 3 Ways of knowing 1.Knowledge has a separate, real existence of its own outside the human mind. Learning happens when this knowledge is transmitted to people and they store it in their minds. (Roblyer, page 53) 2.Humans construct all knowledge in their minds by participating in certain experiences; learning happens when one constructs both mechanisms for learning and his or her own unique version of the knowledge. (Roblyer, page 53) bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

4. 4 Constructivist Learning Knowledge is a function of how the individual creates meaning from his or her own experiences (Ertmer, p. 9) Meaning is created rather than acquired. Content knowledge is embedded in the context in which it is used. bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

5. 5 Constructivist Instruction Cont. Teacher role: Acts as a guide and facilitator; collaborative resource as students explore topics Student role: Collaborate; develop competence; may learn different material Curriculum: Based on projects that foster higher level and lower level skills at the same time Learning Goals: Stated in terms of growth from where the student began; work independently and with groups Types of Activities: Group projects, hand-on exploration; product development Assessment: Performance tests and products (ex. Portfolios); quality measured by rubrics and checklists; measure may differ among students bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

6. 6 Graphic Organizers bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

7. 7 Graphic Organizers (GOs) A graphic organizer is a tool or process to build word knowledge by relating similarities of meaning to the definition of a word. This can relate to any subject—math, history, literature, etc. bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

8. 8 Why are Graphic Organizers Important? GOs connect content in a meaningful way to help students gain a clearer understanding of the material (Fountas & Pinnell, 2001, as cited in Baxendrall, 2003). GOs help students maintain the information over time (Fountas & Pinnell, 2001, as cited in Baxendrall, 2003). bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

9. 9 Graphic Organizers: Assist students in organizing and retaining information when used consistently. Assist teachers by integrating into instruction through creative approaches. bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

10. 10 Graphic Organizers: Heighten student interest Should be coherent and consistently used Can be used with teacher- and student- directed approaches bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

11. 11 Coherent Graphic Organizers 1.Provide clearly labeled branch and sub branches. 2.Have numbers, arrows, or lines to show the connections or sequence of events. 3.Relate similarities. 4.Define accurately. bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

12. 12 How to Use Graphic Organizers in the Classroom Teacher-Directed Approach Student-Directed Approach bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

13. 13 Teacher-Directed Approach 1.Provide a partially complete GO for students 2.Have students read instructions or information 3.Fill out the GO with students 4.Review the completed GO 5.Assess students using an incomplete copy of the GO bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

14. 14 Student-Directed Approach Teacher uses a GO cover sheet with prompts –Example: Teacher provides a cover sheet that includes page numbers and paragraph numbers to locate information needed to fill out GO Teacher acts as a facilitator Students check their answers with a teacher copy supplied on the overhead bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

15. 15 Strategies to Teach Graphic Organizers Framing the lesson Previewing Modeling with a think aloud Guided practice Independent practice Check for understanding Peer mediated instruction Simplifying the content or structure of the GO bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

16. 16 Types of Graphic Organizers bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

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26. 26 Hierarchical Graphic Organizer – example Algebra Equations Inequalities 2x + 3 = 15 10y = 100 4x = 10x - 6 14 < 3x + 7 2x > y 6y ≠ 15 bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

27. 27 Positive Integers Numbers What is it? Illustration/Example What are some examples? Properties/Attributes What is it like? Fractions Compare and Contrast - example Whole Numbers Negative Integers Zero -3, -8, -4000 6, 17, 25, 100 0 bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

28. 28 Venn Diagram - example Prime Numbers 57 11 13 Even Numbers 4 6 810 Multiples of 3 9 15 21 3 2 6 bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

29. 29 Multiple Meanings – example TRI- ANGLES RightEquiangular AcuteObtuse 3 sides 3 angles 1 angle = 90° 3 sides 3 angles 3 angles < 90° 3 sides 3 angles 3 angles = 60° 3 sides 3 angles 1 angle > 90° bushra.shahab@oup.com (0332-3799529)

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