1. 4G-TECHNOLOGY

2. CONTENTS Introduction What is 4G? Evolution of 4G A look at fundamental requirements Evolution of processors and DSP Technology for 4G The 3G The 4G

3. CONTENTS: 3G:Some unfinished Business 4G Wireless: one view Path Losses And fading challenge Which countries have 4G? Infrastructure for 4G 4G in India

4. 4G, the successor of 3G, will soon become the standard for cellular wireless The technology is currently available in some countries but it is still being perfected The aim is to achieve “ultra broadband speed” – to be counted in gigabytes per second

5. 4G is short for Fourth (4th) Generation Technology. It is basically the extension in the 3G technology with more bandwidth and services offers in the 3G. Will allow users to download a full-length feature film within five minutes Will also be able to stream high-definition television and radio to hand-held devices The basic difference between 3G and 4G is in data transfer and signal quality

6. The highest download and upload speed in 3G are 14 Mbps and 5.8 Mbps respectively In 4G the download speed is up to 100 Mbps for moving users and 1 Gbps for stationary users 4G is adoption of packet switching instead of circuit switching in voice and video calls With packet switching, resources are only used when there is information to be sent across 4G uses spiral multiplexing

7. The first commercial deployment was by Telia Sonera and NetCom Telia Sonera branded the network “4G” The modem devices on offer were manufactured by Samsung (dongle GT-B3710) The network infrastructure were created by Huawei (in Oslo) and Ericsson (in Stockholm)

8. A Look at Fundamental Requirements Human Sense  SoundSightKnowledge ↓ Network Generation 1G-2GVoice-Low Speed Data 3GVoiceImagesHypertext (HT) 4GVoice, SpeechVideo Files (Speech, HT, Video) Typical Bandwidth10-80 Kbps1 - 20 Mbps0.5-10 Mbps Required Latency<160 ms<100 ms<5 s Principal ApplicationCommunicationEntertainmentInformation

10. The 3G Large Coverage Outdoor - High Mobility Up to 14Mbps

11. The 4G What we need o Adaptive high performance transmission system o Great candidate for SDR Large Coverage – 100Mbps Coverage Outdoor - High Mobility Macro Cells Pico Cells Isolated HotSpots – 1Gbps Coverage Indoor – Very Low Mobility

12. Financial Balance sheet cleanup (debt reduction) Capacity Utilization Business Models for New Services Technical Improved coverage (e.g., residences) Inter technology roaming Inter carrier compensation (esp. data services) 3G: Some Unfinished Business

13. 4G WOFDM high speed downlink “a wireless cable modem” Complement to EDGE/UMTS High peak data rates (up to 10 Mb/s) in a 5 MHz channel spectrum - 500 MHz to 3 GHz 3G EDGE/WCDMA network for uplink, downlink, control and signalling 4G Wireless: One View

14. Delay Spread Rayleigh Fading Path Loss rapid fading of 20 to 30 dB (power varies by 100 to 1000 times in level at rates of about 100 times per second) path loss up to ~ 150 dB (that is a 1 followed by 15 zeroes) Reflected signals arrive spread out over 5 to 20 microsecond Path Loss and Fading Challenge

15. Except for the Scandinavian countries, a few countries have started the 4G commercially In the US, Sprint Nextel initiated the service last year Countries expected to launch 4G by this year are Germany, Spain, China, Japan and England

16. There are three primary technologies that support 4G – WiMax, LTE, and UMB The main doubt is whether to implement WiMax or LTE The advantages of LTE are: (i) Faster speed with 100 Mbps for download and 50 Mbps for upload (ii) It makes CDMA and GSM database moot (iii) It offers both FDD and TDD duplexing

17. Has already begun the process of introducing 4G India is among the latecomers in 3G It is felt that by the time the implement 3G fully, 4G technologies such as LTE will be available commercially It has taken three years for the government to decide on 3G-spectrum auction policy 4G could face the same delay unless India wants to catch up with the rest of the world

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