1. Pertemuan 8 dan 9 Gerund, Punctuation, Sentences Combining and Break down

2. Gerund  A traditional grammatical term for a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. Adjective: gerundial.verbalnoun  Simpel-nya: Verb + Ing berfungsi sebagai NOUN Contoh: - Playing basketball takes up too much of her time - Her favorite fantasy is playing basketball for UConn. OR - Her favorite fantasy is to play basketball for UConn.

3.  Her favorite fantasy is playing basketball for UConn.  Panji is playing basketball for UConn.

4. Punctuation Cheat Sheet Punctuation MarkUse to... (. ) PeriodEnd a sentence: Dinner was delicious. ( ? ) Question MarkEnd a sentence and denote inquiry: What time is it? ( ! ) Exclamation PointEnd a sentence and denote excitement or emphasis: Watch out for that tree!

5. Punctuation Cheat Sheet Punctuation MarkUse to... (, ) CommaDenote a break within a sentence or direct address of a person or group: Mary, listen to me. Separate any of the following: - Two or more adjectives: He is a charming, attentive listener. - Items in a list: Please buy eggs, milk, butter and flour. - The name of a city from the name of a state: I live in Salt Lake City, Utah. - Two independent clauses: The waiter still hasn’t taken our order, and the play starts in five minutes. - Direct quotations: Quoth the raven, “Nevermore.”

6. Punctuation Cheat Sheet Punctuation MarkUse to... ( ; ) Semicolon Separate two related but independent clauses: I asked Anne to look at my computer; she has a knack for them. Separate a series of items that already contain commas: - For our wedding colors, I chose white, the color of innocence; red, the color of passion; and yellow, the color of lemons. - I have lived in Detroit, Michigan; Paris, France; and Sydney, Australia.

7. Punctuation Cheat Sheet Punctuation MarkUse to... ( : ) ColonIntroduce a list. For Christmas, I would like the following presents: a hula hoop, a hippopotamus, and my two front teeth. Introduce a statement that expands upon the clause before the colon. And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country. ( ( ) ) ParenthesesIndicate clarification: Please bring home some real butter (as opposed to margarine). Indicate an afterthought or personal commentary:Anyone can edit Wikipedia (not that there’s anything wrong with that).

8. Punctuation Cheat Sheet Punctuation MarkUse to... ( - ) HyphenAdd a prefix: Trans-Atlantic flights are costly. Create compound words: Spider-Man is my favorite superhero. Write numbers as words: I have lived in this house for thirty-three years. (– or —) DashMake a brief interruption within a sentence or a parenthetical phrase: Johnny asked me—with a straight face, I might add—if he could borrow the car for the weekend.

9. Punctuation Cheat Sheet Punctuation MarkUse to... ( “ ) Double QuotationEnclose a direct quotation: “If you pick up a starving dog and make him prosperous, he will not bite you. This is the principal difference between a dog and a man.” ( ‘ ) Single QuotationDenote possession: I believe that is Allen’s pen. Denote contraction: I know it’s his because of the distinct monogram. Denote a quotation within a quotation: He told me just last week, “I do enjoy this monogrammed pen. My wife said, ‘Allen, it isn’t like people go around mistaking your pens for theirs all day.’”

10. Working in Group  Gather in a group of maximum 4 students

11. Example  She was our Latin teacher.  We were in high school.  She was tiny.  She was a birdlike woman.  She was swarthy.  She had dark eyes.  Her eyes were sparkling.  Her hair was graying. Gabunglah kalimat di atas menjadi 2, 3 atau 1 kalimat yang efektif !

12. Alternative answers  Our Latin teacher in high school was a tiny woman. She was swarthy and birdlike. She had dark, sparkling eyes and graying hair.  When we were in high school, our Latin teacher was a tiny woman. She was swarthy and birdlike, with dark, sparkling eyes and graying hair.  Our high school Latin teacher was a swarthy, birdlike woman. She was tiny, with dark, sparkling eyes and graying hair.  Our Latin teacher in high school was a birdlike woman, tiny and swarthy, with graying hair and dark, sparkling eyes. ORIGINAL TEXT-nya sebagai berikut (agak tidak biasa): Our high school Latin teacher was a tiny, birdlike woman, swarthy, with sparkling dark eyes, graying hair. (Charles W. Morton, It Has Its Charm )

13. Gabungkan kalimat  Gabungkan kalimat-kalimat dalam Exercise sehingga menjadi kalimat yang efektif dan menarik untuk dibaca.

14. Exercise  A saxophone player stands on the sidewalk. He stands there each afternoon. He is in New York. He is rather seedy. He plays Danny Boy. He plays in a sad way. He plays in a sensitive way. He soon has half the neighborhood peeking out of windows. They toss nickels, dimes, and quarters at his feet.

15. Alternative answers  A rather seedy saxophone player stands on the sidewalk each afternoon in New York playingDanny Boy. He plays in such a sad, sensitive way that he soon has half the neighborhood peeking out of windows tossing nickels, dimes, and quarters at his feet

16. Exercise (lanjutan…)  Some of the coins roll under parked cars. Most of them are caught in his hand. His hand is outstretched.  The saxophone player is a street musician. He is named Joe Gabler.  He has serenaded every block in New York City. He has been serenading for the past thirty years. He has sometimes been tossed as much as $100 a day. This $100 is in coins.

17. Exercise (lanjutan…)  He is also hit with buckets of water. He is hit with beer cans. The cans are empty. He is chased by wild dogs.  He is believed to be the last of New York's ancient street musicians.*

18. Answers versi A  A rather seedy saxophone player stands on the sidewalk each afternoon in New York playingDanny Boy. He plays in such a sad, sensitive way that he soon has half the neighborhood peeking out of windows tossing nickels, dimes, and quarters at his feet. Some of the coins roll under parked cars, but most of them are caught in his outstretched hand. The saxophone player, Joe Gabler, is a street musician. He has serenaded every block in New York for the past thirty years, and he has sometimes been tossed as much as $100 a day in coins. He is also hit with buckets of water and empty beer cans and eggs, and he is chased by wild dogs. He is believed to be the last of New York's ancient street musicians.

19. Answers versi B  Each afternoon in New York a rather seedy saxophone player stands on the sidewalk playingDanny Boy in such a sad and sensitive way that he soon has half the neighborhood peeking out of windows tossing nickels, dimes, and quarters at his feet. Some of the coins roll under parked cars, but most of them are caught in his outstretched hand. The saxophone player is a street musician named Joe Gabler; for the past thirty years he has serenaded every block in New York and has sometimes been tossed as much as $100 a day in coins. He is also hit with buckets of water, empty beer cans and eggs, and chased by wild dogs. He is believed to be the last of New York's ancient street musicians.

20. Answers versi C  Each afternoon in New York a rather seedy saxophone player, Joe Gabler, stands on the sidewalk playing Danny Boy in a sad and sensitive way. For the past thirty years he has serenaded every block in New York and has sometimes been tossed as much as $100 a day in nickels, dimes, and quarters. Some of the coins roll under parked cars, but most of them are caught in his outstretched hand. He is also hit with buckets of water, empty beer cans and eggs, and chased by wild dogs. Joe Gabler is believed to be the last of New York's ancient street musicians.

21. Uraikan kalimat  Uraikan paragraf Reading 1 berikut menjadi kalimat-kalimat tunggal.

22. Reading 1  New York is a city of things unnoticed. It is a city with cats sleeping under parked cars, two stone armadillos crawling up St. Patrick's Cathedral, and thousands of ants creeping on top of the Empire State Building. The ants probably were carried up there by wind or birds, but nobody is sure; nobody in New York knows any more about the ants than they do about the panhandler who takes taxis to the Bowery; or the dapper man who picks trash out of Sixth Avenue trash cans; or the medium in the West Seventies who claims, "I am clairvoyant, clairaudient, and clairsensuous."

23. Reading 1 - Breaking Down 1. New York is a city of things unnoticed. 2. It is a city with cats. 3. The cats sleep under parked cars. 4. Two stone armadillos crawl up St. Patrick's Cathedral 5. Thousands of ants creep on top of the Empire State Building. 6. The ants probably were carried up there by wind or birds, but nobody is sure. 7. Nobody in New York knows any more about the ants than they do about the panhandler who takes taxis to the Bowery. 8. Nobody in New York knows any more about the ants than they do about the dapper man who picks trash out of Sixth Avenue trash cans. 9. Nobody in New York knows any more about the ants than they do about the medium in the West Seventies who claims, "I am clairvoyant, clairaudient, and clairsensuous."

24. Reading 2  Not only is computing equipment getting smaller, it is getting more sophisticated. Computers are part of many machines and devices that once required continual human supervision and control. Today, computers in security systems result in safer environments, computers in cars improve energy efficiency, and computers in phones provide features such as call forwarding, call monitoring, and call answering.

25. Reading 2 – Breaking down  Computing equipment is getting smaller  It is getting more sophisticated  Computers are part of many machines and devices  The machines and devices once required continual human supervision and control.  Today, computers in security systems result in safer environments.  Computers in cars improve energy efficiency.  Computers in phones provide features such as call forwarding, call monitoring, and call answering.

26. Reading 3  These smart machines are designed to take over some of the basic tasks previously performed by people; by so doing, they make life a little easier and a little more pleasant. Smart cards store vital information such as health records, drivers' licenses, bank balances, and so on. Smart phones, cars, and appliances with built in computers can be programmed to better meet individual needs. A smart house has a built-in monitoring system that can turn lights on and off, open and close windows, operate the oven, and more.

27. Reading 3 – Breaking down  These smart machines are designed to take over some of the basic tasks  The tasks were previously performed by people  By so doing, the machines make life a little easier and a little more pleasant.  Smart cards store vital information such as health records, drivers' licenses, bank balances, and so on.  Smart phones, cars, and appliances with built in computers can be programmed to better meet individual needs.  A smart house has a built-in monitoring system that can turn lights on and off, open and close windows, operate the oven, and more.

28. Contoh kalimat tidak baik (kurang enak dibaca dan menjemukan)  Ronaldo adalah pemain bola yang hebat. Tingginya sekitar 190 cm dan berat sekitar 70 kg. Dia bisa berlari dengan cepat. Kemampuannya membuat gol sangat hebat. Dia bisa menggunakan kaki, badan dan kepalanya untuk membuat gol. Dia juga bisa membuat gol meskipun dalam keadaan gelap. Dia sungguh luar biasa.

29. Kalimat yang lebih baik  Ronaldo mungkin adalah pesebakbola terbaik yang pernah ada. Dengan tinggi badan 190 cm, bobot 70 kg ditunjang dengan dua kaki yang kokoh, cepat dan lincah, ronaldo mampu membuat gol dengan menggunakan kepala, badan dan kedua kakinya bahkan dalam kondisi tidak cukup penerangan.

30. Tugas Kelompok 1 (3 – 4 orang) 1. Buatlah pengamatan (observasi) terhadap kampus kita tercinta, UPN Veteran Jatim (gedungnya, sarananya, dosennya, TU-nya, Tuliskan 40 kalimat pendek yang menggambarkan kondisi dan situasi yang anda lihat atau anda persepsikan dalam bahasa Inggris. 2. Gabungkan 40 kalimat pendek tersebut ke dalam kalimat yang lebih baik, fluent, menarik dan mempunyai energi serta kekuatan. 3. Gunakan kamus dengan sebaik-baiknya

31. Bonus : The use of “Believe” 1. Believe  I do not believe him because he ever lied to me 2. Believe In  My advice is believe in yourself 3. Believe That  I believe that he is in pain.