1. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org Living next door to Alice... An introduction to A.L.I.C.E. and AIML

2. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org Who am I? Name: Christian Droßmann Age: 23 Current Occupation: Student of English and Philosophy at the University of Essen Chairman of the Committee for Ethics of Artificial Intelligence at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation in San Francisco

3. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org The A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation Dr. Richard S. Wallace, chairman and co-founder Noel Bush, co-founder, formerly vice-president of engineering at Artificial Life Inc. Nika Dubrovsky, co-founder

4. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org The A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation Brenda Freedman, Franklin Institute Science Museum Philadelphia Gene Riccoboni, Grimes & Battersby Jon Baer, lead developer

5. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org Who is Alice? An open-source Chatterbot developed by Dr. Richard S. Wallace A.L.I.C.E. = „Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity“ Uses CBR (Case Based Reasoning)

6. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org Who is Alice? Knowledgebase uses AIML, an XML-compliant „Artificial Intelligence Markup Language“ developed especially for the easy creation of chatterbots Written entirely in JAVA Output can contain anything you want (from a simple sentence in plaintext to complete HTML-pages)

7. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org Who is Alice? Modular design allows use of virtually any means of input and output The standard distribution includes interfaces for: IRC ICQ AOL Instant Messenger Macromedia FLASH

8. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org Who is Alice? Various third-party implementations include: WAP Your garden-variety telephone E-mail

9. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org Who is Alice? Comes with a built-in HTTP-server (com-wrappers for external HTTP-servers coming soon!) Full user-authentication capabilities (including cookies) Can be connected to an SQL database for storage of user information

10. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org Who is Alice? Easy customization via XML-templates and JAVA property files - no source code changes needed! Built-in JavaScript interpreter (can be disabled for security reasons) Capable of running external programs and executing system commands (can be disabled for security reasons)

11. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org Who is Alice? Uses internal multithreading Maximum of simultaneous user connections only dependent on your hardware Can be programmed to speak any language and can handle multiple languages simultaneously (and thus could be used as an interpreter or an interactive dictionary)

12. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org Who is Alice? Alice won the Loebner Prize Contest in 2000 and 2001

13. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org What is it good for? Entertainment Customer support (e.g. an interactive FAQ) Database frontend OS extension for hands-free operation (e.g. in wearables) Conversation trainer for use in second language acquisition

14. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org How does it work? Responder User Graphmaster Classifier

15. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org The Responder Interface between user and core routines Handles means of in- and output Transfers user input to the Classifier and delivers the bot‘s response to the user

16. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org The Classifier Normalizes and filters the input Applies substitutions Splits the user input into sentences Transfers the normalized strings to the Graphmaster Processes the output from the Graphmaster and handles various AIML instructions Delivers the bot‘s response to the responder

17. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org The Graphmaster Organizes storage of brain content Content is stored as a graph (hence the name) Handles the pattern matching process Pattern matching involves an advanced search-tree algorithm Returns raw response template to the classifier

18. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org Inside The Graphmaster

19. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org Inside the Graphmaster

20. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org The Structure of AIML NO HAVE YOU DATED ANY ROBOTS BEFORE I think you might be happier with a human.

21. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org The Structure of AIML WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF * WHAT DOES MEAN

22. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org The Structure of AIML WHAT IS THE CAPITAL OF * capital DEFINE DEFINE * I do not know what is. I do not know that capital. WHEREISIS FIND

23. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org The Structure of AIML WHEN WAS * INVENTED A few years before it came into general use. Earlier that most people think. It took quite a while to catch on. was developed over a long period of time.

24. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org Why does it work? The meaning of and the sense in a conversation lies in the eye of the beholder People tend to interpret to an extent way beyond the nature of the thing Is the human mind really more than just a highly efficient and complex pattern-matching machine?

25. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org Possible Dangers Emotionally weak persons may develop emotional relationships (friendship or worse) In the future, it will become more and more difficult to tell a bot from a human being

26. Christian Droßmann, Chairman of AIEthics at the A.L.I.C.E. AI Foundation WWW: www.alicebot.org Email: christian@drossmann.dewww.alicebot.org More information and Alice-in-action Foundation home page: http://www.alicebot.orghttp://www.alicebot.org Sample Alicebot using FLASH interface: http://www.alicebot.nethttp://www.alicebot.net WearBot: http://www.wearlab.dehttp://www.wearlab.de CVS Repository (for developers, anonymous access permitted): http://cvs.alicebot.org http://cvs.alicebot.org