1. The Birth of the Republican Party
10-3

2. The Birth of the Republican Party
Main Idea – The issue of slavery dominated U.S. politics in the 1850s.

3. Differences Between North and South

4. North economy based on manufacturing and industrialization
railroad construction very common
urbanization (growth of cities)
immigration from European countries was common

5. South
economy based on agriculture and slavery – cotton was the major cash crop
primarily a rural region of plantations and small farms
lack of railroads and industry
no significant European immigration to the South

6. Slavery in the Territories
Wilmot Proviso – def. – plan to ban slavery from expanding into lands won from Mexico during the Mexican War
SIG – sparked sectional conflict over slavery issue – North vs. South
California applied for statehood as a free state
Gold Rush of 1849 led to an explosion in California’s population
Upset Southerners – demanded that slavery be allowed to expand West

7. The Compromise of 1850
Background: Henry Clay (aka “The Great Compromiser”) - wanted to avoid conflict between North and South, developed a compromise
California = free state
New Mexico and Utah territories would use popular sovereignty to decide slavery issue
Popular sovereignty – def. – the residents of a territory would vote for or against slavery

8. The Compromise of 1850
New Mexico and Texas border dispute settled in favor of New Mexico, but Texas received debts paid by federal government
Slave trade in Washington D.C. was abolished
Very popular in the North, very controversial in the South
New Fugitive Slave Law passed in order to return escaped slaves to plantations in the South
Very popular in the South, very controversial in the North

9. Protest, Resistance, and Violence
Chapter 10 - Section 2

10. Protest, Resistance, and Violence
Main Idea – Proslavery factions in the South and antislavery factions in the North disagreed over the treatment of fugitive slaves and the spread of slavery to the territories. This resulted in increased sectionalism between the regions.

11. Fugitive Slaves and the Underground Railroad
Fugitive Slave Law
Underground Railroad
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Harriet Tubman

12. Fugitive Slave Law
Northerners angered by the new Fugitive Slave Law - part of the Compromise of 1850
runaway slaves could NOT testify in court and no trial by jury
Helping an escaped slave resulted in fines and jail time

13. Underground Railroad
– def. – secret network of abolitionists who would help fugitive slaves escape to the North and Canada
Underground Railroad
Harriet Tubman – former slave and “conductor” on the underground railroad
Made 19 trips and helped 300 people to freedom
Nicknamed “Moses” of her people for her efforts
Frederick Douglass

14. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
(1852) – antislavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Attacked the institution of slavery as evil, became a bestseller in the North
SIG – increased sectional tensions between North and South

15. Tensions in Kansas Kansas-Nebraska Act “Bleeding Kansas”
“Bleeding Sumner”

16. Kansas-Nebraska Act
(1854) – Stephen Douglas’ plan to organize territories in the West
Popular sovereignty - settlers in the territories would vote for or against slavery in both Kansas and Nebraska
Repealed the Missouri Compromise – Kansas and Nebraska were both north of the ’ parallel line (slavery had been banned North of that line)
SIG – sectional tensions exploded – Northerners resented the idea that slavery could expand to lands where slavery had been banned
led to the formation of the Republican Party

17. “Bleeding Kansas”
– violence erupted as pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers rushed to Kansas and began fighting with each other
Two rival governments were set up for the Kansas territory
Pro-slavery capital = Lecompton
Anti-slavery capital = Topeka
“Sack of Lawrence” – pro-slavery men burned and looted an anti-slavery town
“Pottawatomie Massacre” – John Brown (an abolitionist) murdered 5 slave owners with broad-swords in Kansas
SIG – Kansas erupted in its own civil war

18. “Bleeding Sumner”
–Senator Charles Sumner (Massachusetts) was beaten with a cane by Preston Brooks (South Carolina) in the U.S. Senate
SIG – sectional tensions increased – North defended Sumner, South cheered Brooks

19. Activity
On the map provided label Free States and Slave States as well as territories open to slavery.
Make sure your map is colored!!!

20. The Birth of the Republican Party
10-3

21. The Birth of the Republican Party
Main Idea – In the mid-1850s, the issue of slavery and other factors split political parties and led to the birth of new ones, including the Republican Party.

22. New Political Parties Emerge
Whig Party
Republican Party
Know-Nothing Party

23. New Political Parties
Background: Whig Party – collapsed by 1854 due to conflicts over slavery

24. Know Nothing Party (American Party) – established 1854
Members believed in nativism – def. – favoring of native-born Americans over immigrants
anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic

25. Republican Party established 1854
Opposed to the expansion of slavery into western territories
Supported by many people in the North as a result of “Bleeding Kansas”

26. Slavery and Secession
10-4

27. Slavery and Secession
Main Idea – A series of controversial events heightened the sectional conflict that brought the nation to the brink of civil war.

28. Slavery Dominates Politics
President James Buchanan
Dred Scott v. Sandford (aka Dred Scott Decision)
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry

29. James Buchanan President elected in 1856
Weak and indecisive at dealing with the slavery issue
Typical of ineffective presidential leadership in the 1850s

30. Dred Scott v. Sandford Dred Scott Decision (1857)
Background: Dred Scott – African American slave from Missouri who sued for his freedom because his master had moved him to the free state of Illinois
Roger B. Taney (Chief Justice) - ruled that
African Americans were not citizens
Missouri Compromise line was unconstitutional because it violated property rights
SIG – sectionalism exploded – decision hated by North and cheered by South
Dred Scott

31. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
(1858)
Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of debates on slavery in the western territories as part of their senate race in 1858
SIG - Douglas won the senate race, but Lincoln became known throughout the North as a possible presidential candidate in 1860

32. John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry
(1859)
John Brown – abolitionist who wanted to lead a slave revolt in the South
Harpers Ferry – federal armory and arsenal
Brown’s goal was to capture weapons for slaves and lead revolt
John Brown was captured and hanged for treason
SIG – sectionalism between North and South exploded
In the South, John Brown was viewed as an evil murderer
In the North, some people viewed Brown as a heroic martyr, others agreed with his views but thought that he was too radical in his actions

33. Lincoln is Elected President
Election of 1860 – revealed sectionalism between the North and South

34. Election of 1860 Candidates Abraham Lincoln (Republican)
Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat)
John C. Breckenridge (Southern Democrat)
John Bell (Constitutional Union Party)
Lincoln Douglass Debate

35. Election of 1860
Lincoln won electoral college but only won 39% of popular vote
He won all northern states
He won no southern states
SIG – South was upset at Lincoln’s election – led directly to secession crisis
Lincoln

36. Southern Secession
Secession Crisis
Confederate States of America

37. Secession Crisis
( )
South Carolina – seceded from the Union as a result of Lincoln’s election
Followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas

38. Confederate States of America
(CSA) – Confederacy created by southern states that seceded from the Union
Emphasized states rights
Devoted to the protection of slavery
Jefferson Davis = president of the CSA
President Buchanan did nothing in response to the secession crisis = ineffective leader