1. INFSO-RI-508833 Enabling Grids for E-sciencE www.eu-egee.org EGEE is a project co-funded by the European Commission under contract INFSO-RI-508833 The EGEE project: building an international production grid infrastructure

2. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 EGEE - what is it and why is it needed? Middleware – current and future Operations – providing a stable service Networking – enabling collaboration Summary The material for this talk has been contributed by many colleagues in the EGEE & LCG projects. It is heavily based on Bob Jones’ talk at UK AHM 2004.

3. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Technological push? Is Grid technology merely a ‘funding opportunity’? Is it an example of scientists wanting to do something because they (just about) could? Is it in fact a technology driven activity, without any real purpose? Consider this diagram

4. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Grids vs. Distributed Computing Existing distributed applications: –tend to be specialised systems –intended for a single purpose or user group Grids go further and take into account: –Different kinds of resources  Not always the same hardware, data and applications –Different kinds of interactions  User groups or applications want to interact with Grids in different ways –Dynamic nature  Resources and users added/removed/changed frequently

5. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 What is Grid Computing? A Virtual Organisation is: –People from different institutions working to solve a common goal –Sharing distributed processing and data resources Grid infrastructure enables virtual organisations “Grid computing is coordinated resource sharing and problem solving in dynamic, multi-institutional virtual organizations” (I.Foster)

6. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 The terms of the problem Technological progress produces more sophisticated digital sensors (particle physics detectors, satellites, radio-telescopes, synchrotrons…) Much of science is therefore becoming increasingly “data- intensive” Huge amounts of data need to be analyzed by large and geographically distributed scientific communities Consequently, single computers, clusters or supercomputers are not powerful enough for the necessary calculations and the data processing Result: access to large facilities is difficult and expensive for the scientific community, particularly in less favoured countries => increase of the “electronic divide”

7. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 The Grid: a possible solution The World Wide Web provides seamless access to information stored in different geographical locations The Grid provides seamless access to computing power and data storage capacity distributed over the globe Relies on advanced software, called middleware: –authenticates, authorizes and accounts (AAA) –understands and locates the data which the scientist needs –distributes the computing processing to wherever in the world there is available and useful capacity –sends the results back The name Grid was chosen by analogy with the electric power grid

8. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Challenges Must share data between thousands of scientists with multiple interests Must connect major computer centres, not just PCs (not P2P computing) Must ensure that all data is accessible anywhere, anytime Must grow rapidly, yet remain reliable for more than a decade Must cope with different computer centres access policies Must ensure data security

9. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Benefits Effective and seamless collaboration of dispersed communities, scientific first and then industrial Ability to run large-scale applications aggregating thousands of computers, for very wide range of applications Transparent access to distributed resources from your desktop The term “e-Science” has been coined to express these benefits In the vision of the “Knowledge Grid”, the Grid can act as unifying agent between applications and non homogeneous data

10. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 What are the characteristics of a Grid system? Numerous Resources Ownership by Mutually Distrustful Organizations & Individuals Potentially Faulty Resources Different Security Requirements & Policies Required Resources are Heterogeneous

11. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 What are the characteristics of a Grid system? Numerous Resources Ownership by Mutually Distrustful Organizations & Individuals Potentially Faulty Resources Different Security Requirements & Policies Required Resources are Heterogeneous Geographically Separated Different Resource Management Policies Connected by Heterogeneous, Multi-Level Networks

12. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 EGEE Overview Goal: –Create a world-wide production- quality Gid infrastructure for e- Science  on top of present and future EU Research Networking infrastructure Build on: –EU and EU member states major investments in Grid Technology –International connections (US and AP) –Several pioneering prototype results –Large Grid development teams in EU require major EU funding effort Approach –Leverage current and planned national and regional Grid initiatives and infrastructures –Work closely with relevant industrial Grid developers, NRENs and US-AP projects http://www.eu-egee.org Applications Geant-NREN networks Grid infrastructure

13. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 The Grid: networked data processing centres and ”middleware” software as the “glue” of resources. Researchers perform their activities regardless geographical location, interact with colleagues, share and access data Scientific instruments and experiments provide huge amount of data The (Science) Grid Vision

14. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 In 2 years EGEE will: Establish production quality sustained Grid services –3000 users from at least 5 disciplines –over 8,000 CPU's, 50 sites –over 5 Petabytes (10 15 ) storage Demonstrate a viable general process to bring other scientific communities on board Propose a second phase in mid 2005 to take over EGEE in early 2006 PilotNew

15. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 EGEE and LCG EGEE builds on the work of LCG to establish a grid operations service LCG (LHC Computing Grid) - Building and operating the LHC Grid A collaboration between: –The physicists and computing specialists from the LHC experiment –The projects in Europe and the US that have been developing Grid middleware –The regional and national computing centres that provide resources for LHC –The research networks

16. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 EGEE Activities 48 % service activities (Grid Operations, Support and Management, Network Resource Provision) 24 % middleware re-engineering (Quality Assurance, Security, Network Services Development) 28 % networking (Management, Dissemination and Outreach, User Training and Education, Application Identification and Support, Policy and International Cooperation) 32 Million Euros EU funding over 2 years started 1 st April 2004 Emphasis in EGEE is on operating a production grid and supporting the end-users

17. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 EGEE - what is it and why is it needed? Middleware – current and future Operations – providing a stable service Networking – enabling collaboration Summary

18. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 gLite Approach Exploit experience and components from existing projects –AliEn, VDT, EDG, LCG, and others Design team works out architecture and design –Feedback and guidance from EGEE PTF & applications; Operations, LCG GAG & ARDA Components are initially deployed on a prototype infrastructure –Small scale (CERN & Univ. Wisconsin) –Get user feedback on service semantics and interfaces After internal integration and testing, components are delivered to grid operations group and deployed on the pre-production service EDGVDT... LCG...AliEn

19. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 gLite “gLite” - the new EGEE middleware Service oriented - components that are : –Loosely coupled (by messages) –Accessible across network; modular and self-contained; clean modes of failure –So can change implementation without changing interfaces –Can be developed in anticipation of new uses … and are based on standards. Opens EGEE to: –New middleware (plethora of tools now available) –Heterogeneous resources (storage, computation…) –Interact with other Grids (international, regional and national)

20. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Intended to replace LCG-2 Starts with existing components from AliEN, EDG, VDT etc. Aims to address LCG-2 shortcoming and advanced needs from applications Prototyping short development cycles for fast user feedback Initial web-services based prototypes being tested with representatives from the application groups Future EGEE Middleware - gLite

21. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Architecture Guiding Principles Lightweight (existing) services –Easily and quickly deployable –Use existing services where possible as basis for re-engineering Interoperability –Allow for multiple implementations Resilience and Fault Tolerance Co-existence with deployed infrastructure –Reduce requirements on site components –Co-existence (and convergence) with LCG-2 and Grid3 are essential for the EGEE Grid service Service oriented approach –Follow WSRF standardization –No mature WSRF implementations exist to date so start with plain WS (WS-I) –Provide framework to others so higher-level services can be developed quickly Architecture: https://edms.cern.ch/document/476451

22. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 EGEE - what is it and why is it needed? Middleware – current and future Operations – providing a stable service –Needs more than middleware –Organisational, operational infrastructure Networking – enabling collaboration Summary

23. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 User-view of EGEE: a multi-VO Grid User Interface Grid services User Interface

24. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 EGEE: adding a VO EGEE has a formal procedure for adding selected new user communities (Virtual Organisations): Negotiation with one of the Regional Operations Centres Seek balance between the resources contributed by a VO and those that they consume. Resource allocation will be made at the VO level. Many resources need to be available to multiple VOs : shared use of resources is fundamental to a Grid

25. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 SA1 - Operations Scale of the production service –April 2004: ~2000 CPUs over ~ 30 sites (LCG-1 → LCG-2) –December 2004: ~8000 CPUs over ~ 80 sites (Migrated to Scientific Linux)  This is far beyond the project milestones! –Continuous improvements to LCG-2 middleware Set-up of CIC/ROCs –Roles/responsibilities defined in execution plans  documented and implemented On-going: –Complete set-up of pre-production service –Deployment planning for gLite (EGEE1 M/W version) –Deploy accounting infrastructure

26. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Running the Production Service Grid deployment has entered a new phase Basic middleware is working –responsible now for a small fraction of the problems Outstanding performance/functionality issues –RLS, RB / little modularity & lack of consistent interfaces … –some solutions are being developed but many cannot be addressed in current software/architecture - set priorities for new middleware (gLite) Many operational issues –mis-configuration, out of date mware, single points of failure, failover, mgmt interfaces … –resources unsuitable for applications needs (e.g. insufficient disk space) –slow response by sites to problems (holiday periods, security concerns) –new middleware will not help for many of these issues - grid partners must think Service The grid still does not appear as a single coherent facility applications must adapt to the current service to gain maximum profit but result has been very effective for LHCb - ~3000 concurrent jobs

27. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Operation Management Centre –located at CERN, coordinates operations and management –coordinates with other grid projects Core Infrastructure Centres –behave as single organisations –operate core services (VO specific and general Grid services) –develop new management tools –provide support to the Regional Operations Centres EGEE Operations (I): OMC and CIC

28. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 EGEE Operations: ROC Regional Operations Centre responsibilities and roles: –Testing (certification) of new middleware on a variety of platforms before deployment –Deployment of middleware releases + coordination + distribution inside the region –integration of ‘Local’ VO –Development of procedures and capabilities to operate the resources –First-line user support –Bring new resources into the infrastructure and support their operation –Coordination of integration of national grid infrastructures Provide resources for pre-production service

29. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Production grid service Launched Sept’03 with 12 sites, now more than 100 sites and continues to grow

30. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Production grid service Launched Sept’03 with 12 sites, now more than 100 sites and continues to grow

31. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Production grid service Launched Sept’03 with 12 sites, now more than 100 sites and continues to grow

32. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Grid projects Many Grid development efforts — all over the world NASA Information Power Grid DOE Science Grid NSF National Virtual Observatory NSF GriPhyN DOE Particle Physics Data Grid NSF TeraGrid DOE ASCI Grid DOE Earth Systems Grid DARPA CoABS Grid NEESGrid DOH BIRN NSF iVDGL EuroGrid (Unicore) DataTag (CERN,…) DataGrid (CERN,...) Astrophysical Virtual Observatory GRIP (Globus/Unicore) GRIA (Industrial applications) GridLab (Cactus Toolkit) CrossGrid (Infrastructure Components) EGSO (Solar Physics) UK e-Science Grid Netherlands – VLAM, PolderGrid Germany – UNICORE, Grid proposal France – Grid funding approved Italy – INFN Grid Eire – Grid proposals Switzerland - Network/Grid proposal Hungary – DemoGrid, Grid proposal Norway, Sweden - NorduGrid

33. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Authentication, Authorisation Authentication –User obtains certificate from CA –Connects to UI by ssh –Downloads certificate –Invokes Proxy server –Single logon – to UI - then Secure Socket Layer with proxy identifies user to other nodes Authorisation - currently –User joins Virtual Organisation –VO negotiates access to Grid nodes and resources (CE, SE) –Authorisation tested by CE, SE: gridmapfile maps user to local account UI CA VO mgr Personal VO database Gridmapfiles On CE, SE nodes SSL (proxy) VO service

34. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 JRA3 - EGEE Authentication Scheme- EUGridPMA Policy Management Authority: “Club” of trusted Certification Authority managers www.eugridpma.org  Green: CA Accredited  Yellow: being discussed Other Accredited CAs:  DoEGrids (US)  GridCanada  ASCCG (Taiwan)  CERN  Russia (HEP)  FNAL Service CA (US)  Israel  Pakistan Greece: Hellasgrid CA (AUTH)

35. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 EGEE - what is it and why is it needed? Middleware – current and future Operations – providing a stable service Networking – enabling collaboration –Current application communities Summary

36. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Bringing new applications to the grid 1. Outreach events inform people about the grid / EGEE 2. Application experts discuss specific characteristics with the users 3. Migrate application to EGEE infrastructure with the help of EGEE experts 4. Initial deployment for testing purposes 5. Production usage - user community contributes computing resources for heavy production demands - “Canadian dinner party”

37. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 NA3 – User training and induction NA3 has been involved in more than 130 training events across the world –(including the GGF and other grid schools) –~2000 people trained  induction; application developer; advanced; activity retreats –Material archive online with ~1000 presentations Strong links made with GILDA testbed and use of GENIUS portal –Regularly used as part of tutorials Essential element of the virtuous cycle for new communities –Training is one of the first things new communities need Process for handling feedback defined –Helping to improve material and organisation Roadmap for future event planned –Open to new suggestions –Produced status report and update training plan taking into account lessons learned On-going –Plan for next EGEE M/W (gLite) training

38. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 EGEE User Support: infrastructure General approach: 3 main support centers to guarantee coverage 24/7 and 365 day support and provide a single point of contact to customers and to local Grid operations. To ensure 24x7 support, it was decided to have 3 GGUS teams in different time zones. Germany Taiwan North America GGUS started off at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in Germany in 2003 and has had a partner group at Academia Sinica in Taiwan since April 2004. A third partner in North America will complete the 24 hours cycle. Forschungszentrum KarlsruheAcademia Sinica

39. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 EGEE User Support: infrastructure The ROCs and VOs and the other project wide groups such as the Core Infrastructure Center (CIC), middleware groups (JRA), network groups (NA), service groups (SA) will be connected via a central integration platform provided by GGUS. This central helpdesk keeps track of all service requests and assigns them to the appropriate support groups. In this way, formal communication between all support groups is possible. To enable this, each group has to build only one interface between its internal support structure and the central GGUS application.

40. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 More about applications and communities in the next talk

41. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 EGEE - what is it and why is it needed? Middleware – current and future Operations – providing a stable service Networking – enabling collaboration –Current application communities –Enabling new and effective use of EGEE Summary

42. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Who else can benefit from EGEE? EGEE Generic Applications Advisory Panel: –For new applications EU projects: MammoGrid, Diligent, SEE-GRID … Expression of interest: Planck/Gaia (astroparticle), SimDat (drug discovery)

43. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Intellectual Property The existing EGEE grid middleware (LCG-2) is distributed under an Open Source License developed by EU DataGrid –Derived from modified BSD - no restriction on usage (academic or commercial) beyond acknowledgement –Same approach for new middleware (gLite) Application software maintains its own licensing scheme –Sites must obtain appropriate licenses before installation

44. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Summary EGEE is the first attempt to build a worldwide Grid infrastructure for data intensive applications from many scientific domains A large-scale production grid service is already deployed and being used for HEP and BioMed applications with new applications being ported Resources & user groups will rapidly expand during the project A process is in place for migrating new applications to the EGEE infrastructure A training programme has started with events already held Prototype “next generation” middleware is being tested (gLite) Plans for a follow-on project are being discussed

45. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 When will the grid disappear? Two possibilities: 1. Grids will not fulfill their promise and fade into being a niche distributed computing domain 2 Grids will become ubiquitous and easily usable – transparent to the user and so ‘disappear’ –Following the trajectory of other networked services