1. Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs ATP Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Energy and Life
Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs
ATP
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration

2. Autotrophic Organisms
Use light energy to make their own food
Provide ULTIMATE SOURCE OF ENERGY for all living things
All plants, some Protists, some bacteria

3. Heterotrophic Organisms
CANNOT use light energy to make food
Obtain food energy by CONSUMING their food
Animals, fungi, protists

4. ATP and ADP: Chemical energy for cells
Adenosine TriPhosphate
How many phosphates in ATP?
3; “Tri” means 3!
Main source of cell’s energy
“Fully charged” battery
Energy stored in BONDS btw. phosphates

5. ATP and ADP: Chemical energy for cells
Adenosine DiPhosphate
How many phosphates in ADP?
2; “Di” means 2!
ADP becomes ATP by adding a P
“Half-charged” battery

6. ATP Cycle http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lx9GklK0xQg&feature=related
Energy released from ATP when it loses a phosphate (use the battery)
ATP ADP + ENERGY
Energy (FROM BREAKING DOWN GLUCOSE) is used to add a phosphate to make ATP from ADP (charge the battery)
ADP ATP
LOSE A PHOSPHATE
ENERGY + PHOSPHATE

7. Photosynthesis: The basics
Using light (photo) to make (synthesis) glucose
Occurs in autotrophs
In which organelle?
Chloroplasts
Pigment:
Substance that has the ability to absorb light waves
What pigment is involved in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll

8. Photosynthesis: Chlorophyll
Sun emits energy in different wavelengths
The shorter the wavelength, the more energy it has
According to chart, which wavelength is shortest?
VIOLET!
Chlorophyll ABSORBS violet, and REFLECTS green!

9. Photosynthesis: The Reaction
What reactants are needed for photosynthesis to occur?
Water, CO2, sunlight energy
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Glucose and O2
The Formula:
H2O + CO C6H12O6 + O2
(WATER) + (CARBON DIOXIDE)  (GLUCOSE) + (OXYGEN)
LIGHT ENERGY

10. Photosynthesis: Guard Cells
Guard cells are located on the bottom of leaves
Guard cells regulate gases and water moving in and out of the leaf
When guard cells are open:
Carbon dioxide can move in freely
Oxygen can move out freely
Water can exit the leaf, without the leaf drying up
During humid conditions
When guard cells are closed:
Photosynthesis rates slow down
Water is kept in the leaf, to prevent water loss
During dry conditions

11. Draw the Guard cells below:

12. Photosynthesis: The Song
Sung to “Brother John”
Carbon Dioxide (Carbon Dioxide)
Add water and light (Add water and light)
Then we photosynthesize (Then we photosynthesize)
Glucose and oxygen (Glucose and oxygen)

13. Cellular Respiration: The basics
Breaking down glucose to make ATP
Occurs in autotrophs AND heterotrophs (all living things need to make ATP!)
In which organelle?
Mitochondria!
Occurs in different pathways
Depends on presence of Oxygen

14. Cellular Respiration: Aerobic
Occurs in mitochondria in the presence of oxygen
What are the reactants?
Glucose (C6H12O6) and Oxygen (O2)
The process:
Starts with ADP already in cells
Energy released from glucose attaches a phosphate to make ATP!
What are the end products?
32 ATP (energy), CO2, H2O

15. Cellular Respiration: The Reaction
C6H12O6 + O ATP + CO2 + H2O
(GLUCOSE) + (OXYGEN)  (ENERGY) + (CARBON DIOXIDE) + (WATER)

16. Cellular Respiration: The Song
Sung to “Row, Row, Row Your Boat”
Res-Res-Respiration
Uses Oxygen
To breakdown Glucose to make ATP
And Carbon Dioxide

17. Cellular Respiration: Anaerobic
What if there is a lack of oxygen?
Can you think of times when you aren’t getting enough oxygen?
During exercise!
Occurs in cytoplasm instead of mitochondria
GLUCOSE  2 PYRUVIC ACID  2 LACTIC ACID
Called FERMENTATION
Animals = Produce Lactic Acid
Plants = Produce Alcohol
Results in much less energy produced!