1. 1 Chapter 8 Acids and Bases 8.1 Acids and Bases Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. 2 Acids Arrhenius acids produce H + ions in water. H 2 O HCl(g) H + (aq) + Cl - (aq) are electrolytes. have a sour taste. turn litmus red. neutralize bases.

3. 3 Names of Acids Acids with H and a nonmetal are named with the prefix hydro and end with ic acid. HClhydrochloric acid Acids with H and a polyatomic ion are named by changing the end of the name of the polyatomic ion from ate to ic acid or ite to ous acid. ClO 3 − chlorate HClO 3 chloric acid ClO 2 − chlorite HClO 2 chlorous acid

4. 4 Names of Some Common Acids

5. 5 Select the correct name for each of the following acids. A. HBr 1. bromic acid 2. bromous acid 3. hydrobromic acid B. H 2 CO 3 1. carbonic acid 2. hydrocarbonic acid 3. carbonous acid C. HBrO 2 1. bromic acid 2. hydrobromous acid 3. bromous acid Learning Check

6. 6 A. HBr3. hydrobromic acid The name of an acid with H and one nonmetal uses the prefix hydro and ends with ic acid. B. H 2 CO 3 1. carbonic acid An acid with H and a polyatomic ion is named by changing the end of an ate ion to ic acid. C. HBrO 2 3. bromous acid This acid of bromite (BrO 2 - ) is bromous acid. Solution

7. 7 Bases Arrhenius bases produce OH − ions in water. taste bitter or chalky. are electrolytes. feel soapy and slippery. neutralize acids.

8. 8 Some Common Bases Bases with OH - ions are named as the hydroxide of the metal in the formula. NaOHsodium hydroxide KOHpotassium hydroxide Ba(OH) 2 barium hydroxide Al(OH) 3 aluminum hydroxide Fe(OH) 3 iron(III) hydroxide

9. 9 Match the formulas with the names. A. ___HNO 2 1) iodic acid B. ___Ca(OH) 2 2) sulfuric acid C. ___H 2 SO 4 3) sodium hydroxide D. ___HIO 3 4) nitrous acid E. ___NaOH5) calcium hydroxide Learning Check

10. 10 Match the formulas with the names. A. 4 HNO 2 nitrous acid B. 5 Ca(OH) 2 calcium hydroxide C. 2 H 2 SO 4 sulfuric acid D. 1 HIO 3 iodic acid E. 3 NaOHsodium hydroxide Solution

11. 11 Comparing Acids and Bases

12. 12 Identify each as a characteristic of an A) acid or B) base. ____1. has a sour taste ____2. produces OH - in aqueous solutions ____3. has a chalky taste ____4. is an electrolyte ____5. produces H + in aqueous solutions Learning Check

13. 13 Identify each as a characteristic of an A) acid or B) base. A 1. has a sour taste B 2. produces OH - in aqueous solutions B 3. has a chalky taste A, B 4. is an electrolyte A 5. produces H + in aqueous solutions Solution