2. Australopithecus3.9-3 million years ago Homo habilis 2.4 million years ago Homo erectus 1.8 million years ago Homo sapiens 280,000 years ago

3. Evolution – a fact not a theory – “change over time”

4. Natural selection Artificial selection Mutation

5. Biblical Criticism Form criticism is an analysis of literary documents, particularly the Bible, to discover earlier oral traditions (stories, legends, myths, etc.) upon which they were based. Tradition criticism is an analysis of the Bible, concentrating on how religious traditions have grown and changed over the time span during which the text was written. Higher criticism is "the study of the sources and literary methods employed by the biblical authors." Lower criticism is "the discipline and study of the actual wording" of the Bible; a quest for textual purity and understanding.

6. How old is Earth? Bishop James Usher (1581 – 1656) Creation “fell upon the entrance of the night preceding, Sunday, October 23,” 4004 BC. Modern science: 4.5 billion years.

8. Ocean fossils in the Canadian Rockies

9. By the late 19 th century most main-stream Protestant dominations accepted the general concept of evolution. Catholics have never believed in “absolute truth” of the Bible.

10. Whether there is a guiding force, an external intelligence, behind this change is up to you.

11. Australopithecus3.9-3 million years ago Homo habilis 2.4 million years ago Homo erectus 1.8 million years ago Homo sapiens280,000 years ago

12. BandTribeChiefdomState Total Numbersless than 100up to a few thousand5000-20,000generally 20,000+ Social Organization egalitarian, informal leadership segmentary--poss. made up of several "bands", leaders lack economic control kinship based ranking, hereditary leaders, leaders control some or all aspects of trade class based hierarchy Economic Organization mobile hunter gatherers settled farmers, pastoralists, herders central accumulation and redistribution, prestige goods, craft specialization centralized bureaucracy, tribute, taxation, laws Settlement Pattern temporary camps permanent villages, no one settlement dominates others fortified centers, ritual centers urban cities, towns, frontier defenses, roads Religious Organization shamans religious elders, calendarical rituals hereditary chief with religious duties priestly class, pantheistic or monotheistic religion Architecturetemporary shelters permanent huts, burial mounds, shrines large scale monuments palaces, temples and other public buildings Recent or Contemporary Examples Australian AboriginesNew Guinea highlanders 18th century Polynesian chiefdoms modern states

13. How do we explain the world around us? Myth Magic Religion Philosophy Science Art Music Poetry

15. Venus Figurines 35,000 – 11,000 BCE emblems of security and success fertility icons porn representations of a mother goddess or various local goddesses.

16. BandTribeChiefdomState Total Numbersless than 100up to a few thousand5000-20,000generally 20,000+ Social Organization egalitarian, informal leadership segmentary--poss. made up of several "bands", leaders lack economic control kinship based ranking, hereditary leaders, leaders control some or all aspects of trade class based hierarchy Economic Organization mobile hunter gatherers settled farmers, pastoralists, herders central accumulation and redistribution, prestige goods, craft specialization centralized bureaucracy, tribute, taxation, laws Settlement Pattern temporary camps permanent villages, no one settlement dominates others fortified centers, ritual centers urban cities, towns, frontier defenses, roads Religious Organization shamans religious elders, calendarical rituals hereditary chief with religious duties priestly class, pantheistic or monotheistic religion Architecturetemporary shelters permanent huts, burial mounds, shrines large scale monuments palaces, temples and other public buildings Recent or Contemporary Examples Australian AboriginesNew Guinea highlanders 18th century Polynesian chiefdoms modern states

17. 10,000 BCE Paleolithic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Neolithic

18. Dog30,000 - 15,000 BCEurasia Sheep11,000 BC - 9000 BCSouthwest Asia Pig9000 BCNear East, China Goat8000 BCIran Cattle8000 BC Europe, Asia and North Africa Domesticated Cat7500 BCNear East Chicken6000 BC India and Southeast Asia Donkey5000 BCEgypt Duck4000 BCChina Horse4000 BCEurasian Steppes Dromedary Camel4000 BCArabia Goose3000 BCEgypt Yak2500 BCTibet Bactrian Camel2500 BCCentral Asia Domesticated Animals

19. Dog30,000 - 15,000 BCEurasia Guinea pig5000 BCPeru Llama & Alpaca2400 BCPeru Turkey180 AD Mexico, United States Domesticated Animals -- The Americas

21. Domesticated Plants Bottle gourd10,000 BCE Cereal grains 9,000 BCE – Evidence of flour10,000 BCE – Chemical evidence for beer3,500 BCE

22. Creation and Flood Myths

23. MYTH “... A traditional story of unknown authorship, ostensibly with a historical basis, but serving usually to explain some phenomenon of nature, the origin of man, or the customs, institutions, religious rites, etc. of people: myths usually involve the exploits of gods and heroes.”

24. Genesis “Jahwist” Traditional Stories Greek and Mesopotamian Sources “Priestly Source” Final form by c. 538 BCE

25. Biblical manuscripts Septuagint (Greek)c. 300 BCE Dead Sea Scrollsc. 150 BCE – 70 CE Masoretic TextWritten c. 100 CE Oldest text c. 1,000 CE

26. Gilgamesh Sumerian versions from 2150 BCE Best preserved version (in Akkadian) dates from 1300 – 1000 BCE

28. Egypt 2686 - 332 BCE 5000-2000 BCE 1750-559 BCE 2300-2150 BCE 1750-1180 BCE Judah/Israel 830 BCE – 135 CE

29. The Ice Age Ends c. 12,000 BCE

32. Black Sea Flood c. 5600 BCE

34. 100 meter sea level rise above current sea level.

36. Summary Transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic. – Younger Dryas Low-lying areas flood around the world. Slow development of sedentary cultures.