1. ARC 344 FPP EREN TURAN /1544303

2.  INTRODUCTION  ABSTRACT  RESEARCH PROGRESS  END-PRODUCT DESIGN PROCESS  GROUNDWATER POLLUTION  CONCLUSION

3.  TOPIC : WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL WASTES ON GROUNDWATERS ?  THE REASONS OF TOPIC SELECTION  Widespread & Important issue  Environmently concious  END-PRODUCT FORMATION  A3 Poster

4.  Aim : The purpose of this study is to make a research on the effects of chemical wastes on groundwater and identify effects on human and the environment.  In this study, chemicals wastes in groundwater, pollution and possible solution methods are investigated and presented.

5.  CHEMICAL THREATS ON GROUNWATER AND THEIR EFFECTS  Natural Chemical Wastes  Synthetic Chemical Wastes  Industrial Chemical Wastes  Agricultural Chemical Wastes

6. Groundwater Minerals  Sodium, Calcium, Potasium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, sulfate Undrinkable  İf the mineral exceed 1.000 mg / liter Dangerous Minerals  Biological Organisms such as bacteria, protozoans, viruses Causes waterborne diseases

7. Sodium(%) mg/LWater class < 20 20-40 40-60 60-8 > 80 excellent good permissible doubtful unsuitable Total hardness as CaCO3, (parts/mil)Water class 0-75 75-150 150-300 > 300 soft moderate hard Hard very hard http://www.ejchem.net/PDF/V6NS1/S211-S218.pdf

8. Factory waste, domestic sewage, storage tanks produces synthetic Chemicals  hydrocarbon  complex polymers  gasoline and oil how is it mixing to the ground?  landfills  rain waters http://www.enviroblog.org/2008/10/whither-plastics-and-whither-humanity.html  improper drain

9. Mines, factories, refineries and electronics makers produces heavy metals  copper  lead  mercury  Man-made chlorinated solvents (trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene) Air pollution by industy  toxic gasses : nitrogen dioxide or sulfur dioxide seep into the ground http://wihresourcegroup.wordpress.com/2009/10

10. Industrial farming man-made agricultural chemicals herbicides, pesticides and antibiotics.  These wastes, with high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and pathogens, can contaminate the local aquifer.

11.  NATURE OF CHEMICAL WASTE POLLUTION  IMPACTS ON PEOPLE  IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT  NOTABLE EXAMPLES  PRECAUTIONS  RESPOND AND RECOVERY ISSUES  CONCLUSION

12.  THE EFFECTS OF ACID RAINS ON WATER AND LAND SOIL  GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  CLEANING UP METHODS  BIOREMEDITION  TREATMENT

13. http://www.maine.gov/dep/air/acidrain/

14.  ‘’Protection of groundwater sources is becoming a more widespread global concern by the recent European Commission directive which focuses on preventing rather than cleaning up pollution’’ (EC 2003).

15. Water Science for Schools(2000) http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwusetrend.html Groundwater is the water which is in underground surface together with rock formation Surface water is the water wh ich is in rivers, lakes, oceans

16.  Groundwater tends to move very slowly and with little turbulence, dilution, or mixing, so once contaminants reach groundwater and they form a concentrated plume that flows along with groundwater.

17.  Containing the contaminants to prevent them from migrating from their source;  Removing the contaminants from the aquifer;  Remediating the aquifer by either inactivating or detoxifying the contaminants while they are still in the aquifer;  Treating the groundwater at its point of use; and  Leaving the use of the aquifer and finding an alternative source of water.

18.  Pump-and-treat method  Air Sparging System

19. http://echo2.epfl.ch/VICAIRE/mod_3/chapt_12/main.htm

20. http://www.cee.vt.edu/ewr/environmental/teach/gwprimer/airsparg/airsparg.html

21.  Bioremediation is a treatment method which uses naturally accurring microorganisms to get rid of some contaminations into less toxic or non-toxic substances.  By adding nutrients or oxygen, this process can be recovered and used to effectively clean up a contaminated aquifer. Advantages  Environmently friendly  Minimal disturbance  Comparatively inexpensive

22. http://besg.group.shef.ac.uk/Research_Area/Applied_Biofilm/Bioremediation.htm

23.  Depending on the complexity of the aquifer and the types of contamination, some groundwater cannot be restored to a safe drinking quality. Under these circumstances, the only way to regain use of the aquifer is to treat the water at its point of use.

24.  The study has stated that the types of chemicals on groundwater contamination. Then, how these chemicals affets on groundwater was shown. The substantial solutions of groundwater contamination was investigated. The study has also shown that water rcycling was simple and essential solution to prevent groundwater pollution.

26.  Rajendra Prasad D.S, Sadashivaiah.C, Rangnna.G (2009), Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evaluation of Groundwater Quality of Tumkur Amanikere Lake Watershed, Karnataka, India,vol.6 pp. 211-218 http://www.ejchem.net/PDF/V6NS1/S211-S218.pdf  Peiyue.L,Hui.Q, Jianhua.W (2011), Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution Laws of Drinking Groundwater in Pengyang County, Ningxia, Northwest China, vol.8,issue 2,pp.565- 575 http://www.ejchem.net/PDF/V8N2/565-575.pdf  Golwer.A, Matthess.G, Schneider,W.(1971), Effects of waste deposits on groundwater quality, Groundwater Pollution Symposium (Proceedings of the Moscow Symposium, Vol. 103. http://itia.ntua.gr/hsj/redbooks/103/iahs_103_0159.pdf  Hugh H. Russell, John E. Matthews, and Guy W. Sewell ( Jan, 1992), Ground Water Issue TCE Removal from Contaminated Soil and Ground Water, http://www.epa.gov/tio/tsp/download/tce.pdf