1. WATER POLLUTION

2. Introduction
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

3. Causes
Water pollution causes are generally categorized into two types:
Point source
Non–point source
water pollution refers to contaminants that enter a waterway from a single, identifiable source, such as a pipe or ditch which emit harmful substances directly into a body of water.
refers to diffuse contamination that does not originate from a single discrete source.

4. Point sources:
Sewage
It is water-carried waste, in solution or suspension, that is intended to be removed from a community.

5. Waste water Domestic wastewater
Domestic effluents are generated by activities such as bathing, cleaning, sanitation, laundry, cooking, washing and other kitchen activities.

6. Industrial wastewater
The volume and characteristics of industrial effluents differ by industry and depend on the production processes and scale of production used. Industrial wastewater may be organic and/or inorganic.

7. Agricultural wastewater
Major sources of agricultural runoffs include: organic wastes such as decayed plants, livestock manure, and dead animals; soil loss in the form of suspended solids; and pesticides and fertilizer residues.

8. Chemical waste
- is a waste that is made from harmful chemicals and highly toxic (mostly produced by large factories).
Such us pesticides, lead, zinc, mercury and so on.

9. Radioactive waste
Are waste that contain radioactive material. Radioactive wastes are usually by-products of  generation and other applications of nuclear fission  or nuclear technology. Radioactive waste is hazardous to most forms of life and the environment, and is regulated by government agencies in order to protect human health and the environment.

10. Thermal pollution
It is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature.
A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers.

11. Mining activities
It refers to mines that are currently engaged in mineral and metal extraction operations. The materials can range from common to precious, and from inert to hazardous.

12. Urban run off
It is a surface runoff of rainwater created by urbanization. This runoff is a major source of water pollution urban communities worldwide.

13. Non-point sources Oil effluents
Is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially marine areas, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The term is usually applied to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land

14. Nutrients
It usually comes from fertilizers. It returns important nutrients to the environment, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which plants and animals need for growth.
Act as fertilizer for algae & aquatic plants which can cause highly varying dissolved oxygen levels. At low DO levels, the aquatic life has the potential to be harmed.

15. Disruption of sediments
reduces light penetration in stream, clogs gills of fish and aquatic invertebrates

16. Solid waste
Solid waste disposed either at a dumpsite or directly into water-bodies, generates high loads of organic and inorganic pollution through biological disintegration.

17. Global warming
High carbon dioxide levels increase the air's temperature. This can cause the Earth's average temperature to rapidly change.

18. Mechanism There are many ways of how water can be polluted. Runoff
As the runoff moves, it picks up and carries away natural and human-made pollutants, finally depositing them into lakes, rivers, wetlands, coastal waters and ground waters.
Metals get into freshwater
Metals are introduced in aquatic systems as a result of the weathering of soils and rocks, from volcanic eruptions, and from a variety of human activities involving the mining, processing, or use of metals and/or substances that contain metal pollutants.

19. Effects Waterborne infectious disease
Pathogens originating from excreta contaminates the water.
Disparity in the ecosystem
Pollution generates disparity in the ecosystem creating Imbalance. It causes changes in food - webs and food chains and shifts biodiversity of animals and plants in ecosystem.

20. Siltation
Suspended soil clouds the water to such a degree that millions of algae, an important base for aquatic food chains, die because they do not receive enough light for photosynthesis.

21. Eutrophication
Is the ecosystem response to the addition of artificial or natural substances, such as nitrates and phosphates.

22. Eutrophic lake

23. Red tide
Human activities that affect nutrient concentrations in seawater may be having an important influence on the increasingly more frequent occurrences of red tides in some areas.

24. Effects due to thermal pollution:
Reduction in dissolve oxygen
Interference with reproduction
Increase in vulnerability to disease
Direct mortality
Invasion of destructive Organism
Destruction of organisms in cooling water

25. Impact Environmental Impact Aquatic life
water pollution has the ability to destroy many animal habitats, and cause irreparable damage to many ecosystems.
Aquatic life
Extreme acidity can kill adult fish and invertebrate life directly and can also damage developing juvenile fish.

26. Human Illness
As pollutant levels increase, human exposure to toxins will also increase.
Extinction
Pollution has an adverse impact on wildlife and will continue to do so well into the future.
Economic Effects
Pollution, due to its ability to cause illness in humans, can have a significant impact on the world's economy.

27. Mitigation Education Laws
Republic Act 9275: The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
Economics
polluter pays principle
Government Programs
Pollution Fines and Environmental Taxes
Bioremediation
Natural Attenuation

28. Conclusion and recommendation
Water is the most precious resource on our planet and the most vital means for survival. Thus all living things cannot live without water most especially human beings. However, water pollution is caused by human activities We can take individual action to help reduce water pollution, for example, by using environmentally friendly detergents, reducing pesticides, not pouring paints, solvents, oil, antifreeze, or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground and so on. Most effective way to attain the goal of having clean water is to value self- discipline in each individual in disposing all kinds of waste.

29. We can take community action too, by helping out in coastal clean-ups and by helping out to maintain our rivers clean. Working together, we can make pollution less of a problem—and the world a better place.