1. REPAIRING/RECONDITIONING TOOLS UNIT *Obvious use of tools is to build, repair and adjust objects *High quality tools will last for years if used & maintained properly Abuse- is to use wrongly, make bad use of or misuse METAL TOOLS RUST! Rust- coating that results when steel reacts with air & moisture

2. Mushroomed- means a spread or pushed over condition caused by being struck many times & occurs over a long period of time Tool Fitting- means to clean, reshape or repair a tool Recondition- means to do what is needed to put the tool into good condition PROTECTING TOOL SURFACES

3. Most tool parts are constructed of wood, metal, leather or plastic Replacing Wooden Handles The hole in the head of the tool is called the “eye”. This hole is smaller on the side where the handle enters than on the opposite side A metal collar is called a “ferrule”. The tool has a metal finger called a “tang”, which is driven into the ferrule The “crown” is the end of a tool that receives the blow of a hammer

4. Restoring Leather Parts- leather becomes stiff or dry, it can be restored by rubbing with “saddle soap” Saddle Soap- when mixed with water, it will clean, soften and preserve leather Neat’s Foot Oil- is a light yellow oil obtained by boiling the feet & shinbones of cattle REMOVING RUST & DIRT

5. light rust can be removed with varsol-kerosene and other solvents Repairing Wooden Handles- wooden handles may split when exposed to excessive strain Loose Handles- these can be repaired with the use of a wedge Wedge- is a piece of wood or metal that is thick on one end and tapers down to a thin edge on the other Even when handles are properly attached, they can still loosen due to drying. To reduce this problem, soak the end of the tool in linseed oil

6. Reshaping Screwdrivers- the width and thickness of the tip are determined by the size of the slot in the screw (s) to be used SHARPENING TOOLS A properly sharpened tool of good quality can make cutting, drilling and digging tasks relatively easy. SHARP TOOLS ARE SAFER TOOLS TOOLS USED FOR SHARPENING:

7. Tools in the ag mechanics lab are generally sharpened with files, bench stones, hand stones, sanders and grinders Bench Stone- is a sharpening stone designed to rest on a bench Hand Stone- is one designed to be held in the hand when in use Files needed for sharpening tools include flat, round, triangular and special styles Inclined Plane- is a surface that is at an angle to another surface

8. Convex- curved out Concave- curved in Hollow ground- certain saws may be ground so the teeth are wider at the points than they are at their base Preserving Temper- method used to keep the saw blade operational Tool Steel- steel with a specific carbon content that permits the tool to be annealed and tempered

9. Anneal- is to heat and then cool the steel slowly so as to make it soft and malleable Temper- is to heat the steel and then cool it more quickly so as to control the degree of hardness Draw the Temper- to render the steel soft and useless until it is re-tempered Sharpening Tools- first remove all metal burrs or rough spots. Burrs should be ground or filed away without changing the shape of the edge True- one edge that is square; clean the grinding wheel, then proceed to sharpen the tools

10. Whet- means to sharpen by rubbing on or with a sharpening stone Serrated- means notched-like the edge of a saw Tool Sharpening Gauge- used to check for proper angles Arbor- used to hold items tightly Ax Stone- is a small round stone held in the hand for field use Field Use- means the area where an operation takes place Balance- the weight is equally distributed on both sides of the center

11. High Speed Twist Drill- is a twist drill bit made and tempered specially to drill steel Sharp blades require less power and complete the tasks easier and the results are much better as well