2. THE Contractual Health Agency for: Bernards Township Bernardsville Borough Chester Borough Long Hill Township Mendham Borough Mendham Township Peapack and Gladstone Borough Bernards Township HEALTH Department Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 P. 908.204.2520 F. 908.204.3075 www.bernardshealth.org Designed by: Welcome

3. The Wonderful World of Septics What Really Happens in the Septic Bed The Ways of the Effluent SOME IDEAS FOR A TITLE… GOT SHOT DOWN! so here’s… SOME IDEAS FOR A TITLE…

4. EVERYTHING YOU ALWAYS WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT SEPTIC SYSTEMS, but didn’t know how to ask!

5. IN MORE PRIMITIVE WAYS Historical Perspective In earlier times, humans disposed of waste

6. As time waste disposal methods evolved until the present... moved on,

7. of the State of New Jersey Stateof New Jersey Chapter 199 Septic Code Septic Code of the of the …and the Local ordinances may have additional requirements.

8. Implemented to protect our: Water Sources, and Living Environment Living Environment Chapter 199: Septic Code

9. SOIL TESTING SOIL TESTING WETLANDS RESTRICTIONS WETLANDS RESTRICTIONS SEPTIC DESIGN SEPTIC DESIGN General Regulations

10. SOIL TESTING At least 2 soil logs & 1 soil test is required per lot Type of Tests:  Perc  Basin Flood  Pit Bail  Tube Permeameter  Soils class rating samples

11. Limiting Factors Setbacks Sizing the System Meeting Specific Design Requirements New vs. Existing Property New Code Requirements April 2012 SEPTIC DESIGN

12. LIMITING CONDITIONS: Steep Slopes Floodplains & Wetlands High Groundwater Mottling in Soil Depth to Bedrock Hydraulically Restrictive Soils Excessively Coarse Soils

13. DESIGNS for LIMITING CONDITIONS LIMITING CONDITIONSYSTEM REQUIRED Steep Slope Trench System High Groundwater Table Mounded System Limited Depth to Bedrock Mounded System Excessively Coarse Soils Fill Enclosed System Perched Water Conditions Fill Enclosed System Limited Area Available Pressure Dose System

14. SETBACKS & DISTANCES SEPTIC TANK TO:SETBACK DISTANCE: Well50 FT Property Line 5 FT House10 FT DISPOSAL FIELDSETBACK DISTANCE: Well100 FT Property Line 10 FT House 25 FT

15. SIZING THE SYSTEM Number of Bedrooms SEPTIC TANK SEPTIC FIELD

16. SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING Septic tanks shall have: Minimum Capacity = 1000 Gallons (for house of up to 4 bedrooms) For 5 or more bedrooms: 250 gallons per bedroom

17. SEPTIC FIELD SIZE Depends upon Permeability Rate of the Zone Of Treatment. REQUIRED VOLUME # OF BEDROOMS 200 gal/day1 st bedroom 150 gal/dayEach additional bedroom TYPICAL DESIGN- 4 BEDROOM HOUSE Total daily sewage volume = 650 gal/day Design permeability rate = 6-20 in/hr (using suitable fill) Factor by 1.61 sq.ft /gpd TOTAL SEPTIC BED SIZE REQUIRED = 1046 sq ft

18. NEW CONSTRUCTION EXISTING DWELLING Designs must meet requirements of state septic code. Increase in # of bedrooms: Same as new construction No additional bedrooms Design best system for lot

19. APRIL 2012 APRIL 2012REQUIREMENTS Tanks must be tested in the field to prove water-tightness Marker must be attached to tank with system information Effluent filters are required on all new tanks All cesspools, outhouses, latrines that are part of realty transfer must be abandoned.

20. A PRIL 2012 A PRIL 2012REQUIREMENTS More  NJDEP established a recognized method of septic system inspection for a real property transfer  The inspection protocol is included in an appendix to Chapter 199  The inspection report shall be provided to the local health department

21. Wetlands provide : Valuable habitat for many wildlife species. Important storm water buffer, and groundwater recharge areas. WETLANDS RESTRICTIONS WETLANDS RESTRICTIONS

22. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection regulates wetland related activity. WETLANDS RESTRICTIONS WETLANDS RESTRICTIONS In general, septic fields must be kept from delineated wetland boundaries by:  50 feet for Intermediate Value Wetlands  150 feet for Exceptional Value Wetlands Before construction, approval must be obtained from the NJDEP that proper setbacks are being met.

23. Gravity Types of Septic Systems Types of Septic Systems Pump Alternative Designs

24. GRAVITY Systems Gravity Systems use the basic laws of nature and the old adage that says ‘stuff’ will flow downhill into the septic bed.

25. In a Pump System, technology overcomes the law of gravity allowing waste water to flow uphill into the septic bed. PUMP Systems

26. ALTERNATIVE Systems Peat Systems Infiltrators Aerobic Treatment Units Drip Dispersal

27. SUITABLE FILL GRAVEL LATERALS FILTER FABRIC BACKFILL EXCAVATION BUILDING A SEPTIC SYSTEM

28. CONVENTIONAL EFFLUENT FILTER SEWER PIPE CLEAN OUT

29. MOUNDED SYSTEM MOUNDED SYSTEM CLEAN OUT INLET LID

30. Zones of Treatment & Disposal Zones of Treatment & Disposal

31. Real Life Systems TANKS LATERALS LINE FROM HOUSE SEPTIC BED

32. LINE FROM HOUSE

33. TANKS

34. LATERALS

35. EXCAVATION SITE EXCAVATION SITE

36. Why be concerned about my SEPTIC SYSTEM? 1. 2. 3.

37. Carries Disease Causing: Bacteria Viruses Other Pathogens Wastewater If not properly treated before entering groundwater, these contaminants can enter drinking water supply of those with nearby wells.

38. Contains: Nitrogen Phosphorous Organic Wastes Causes: Depletion of Oxygen Levels, Impact on Fishing, Changes in Recreational Use, Degradation of Ecological Health of Lakes/Rivers Wastewater

39. Proper Use and Maintenance =  Cost NEW Installing a NEW Septic System Maintain Your Septic Maintain Your Septic is like burying a new car in the backyard.

40. How a Septic System Works 1.Captures solids 2.Liquid effluent distributed to disposal area 3.Effluent treated in septic bed 4.Cleansed wastewater recharged to groundwater

41. Septic Tank Captures Solids Effluent Filter Locking Manhole Cover At Grade Baffle Outlet Pipe

42. Wastewater Breaks Down Scum, into Sludge Sludge. Effluent Effluent, and Locking Manhole Cover at Grade Effluent Filter Baffle

43. Grease Floats ◊ Solids Sink Grease + Fat = SCUM and SolidsSink=SLUDGE Effluent Filter Baffle

44. Bacteria Breaks Sludge into and Simple Nutrients, Water. Gas, Effluent Filter Baffle

45. Solids Remain in Tank Solids stored in tank until pumped out. Effluent Filter Baffle

46. “Baffles “ Control Flow Inlet Inlet Baffle slows incoming water flow. Effluent Filter Baffle Outlet Outlet Baffle keeps solids from leaving tank

47. Effluent Treatment 2. Breaking down harmful organisms 1.A Biomat forms at the gravel/suitable-fill interface., 3. Suitable-fill material provides additional treatment.

48. Do’s Septic Tank Maintenance 1.Reduce water flows to your system. to your system. 3. Pump out septic tank regularly. 4. Locate & diagram septic tank and disposal field. 5. Effluent filter should be cleaned or changed regularly. 2. Divert surface runoff away from system.

49. Septic Tank Maintenance 1. Dispose of inert, toxic, or non-biodegradable substances in system. 2. Plant trees or other vegetation near your system 3. Drive vehicles or heavy equipment over the system. 4. Use biological additives or septic system cleaners that contain toxic substances. Don’t

50. Warning! Do NOT put Toxic Chemicals here! So, No Toxic Chemicals here!

51. Garbage grinders/disposals are incompatible with septic systems. Warning !

52. Your House’s System? Old House? New House?

53. Seepage Pit Septic Tank Septic Tank Old House An Old House

54. Or Cesspool Old House An Old House At time of property transfer cesspool must be upgraded to septic system.

55. Or a NEW House Typical Septic System in NEW House

56. Troubleshooting SYMPTOMPOSSIBLE REASON Water drains very slowly _____from sinks Toilet does not flush Odor or Effluent in yard Broken plumbing or septic lines Septic tank baffle in disrepair Septic tank is full and needs ____pumping High groundwater table System is old or under designed

57. 1.Experiencing any trouble with septic system, i.e., overflow. 2.Planning additions to your home. 3.Need to know location of present system. 4.Filing permit fee for construction. 5.Setting up inspections of new system. HEALTH DEPARTMENT HEALTH DEPARTMENT Contact

58. OVERFLOWS

59. Follow the Steps 1.Soil Log & Perc test by engineer in field, witnessed by health inspector 2.Submit design to local Health Department or BOH 3.HD or BOH reviews & approves septic plans 4.Schedule inspections of septic installation 5.Complete installation of system 6.Design engineer submits As Built and Certificate of Compliance 7.Final approval issued by administrative authority

60. Questions ???

61. The End

62. THE Contractual Health Agency for: Bernards Township Bernardsville Borough Chester Borough Long Hill Township Mendham Borough Mendham Township Peapack and Gladstone Borough Bernards Township HEALTH Department Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 P. 908.204.2520 F. 908.204.3075 www.bernardshealth.org Written and Designed by