2. Dental Biomaterials ,Faculty of Dentistry Alex _Univ.
Impression materials
Prof . Dr Amal EzzEl Din
Dental Biomaterials ,Faculty of Dentistry Alex _Univ.

3. Impression Materials Uses Make an accurate replica of tissues.
Single tooth.
Whole dentition.
Partially or completely edentulous mouth.

6. Desirable Properties of Impression Materials
Biocompatible: non toxic- non irritant.
Acceptable to the patient: pleasant odour, taste, esthetic colour.
Ease of manipulation, reasonable cost.
Reasonable setting time.
Adequate shelf life.
Adequate strength: not tear or break on removal from mouth.

7. Compatible with model materials.
Dimensionally stable: neither expands nor contracts.
Adequate flow properties: to register fine details.
Readily disinfected without loss of accuracy.

8. Classification Non Elastic Elastic
According to the ability of a set material to be withdrawn over undercuts.
Non Elastic
Elastic

10. According to the manner which they harden(set):
Reversible
Sets by a physical reaction due to temperature changes
Irreversible
Sets by a chemical reaction.

11. Impression materials Plaster Nonelastic Zinc oxide eugenol
Impression Compound
Nonelastic
Zinc oxide eugenol
Impression wax
Impression material
Agar
Polysulfides
Hydrocolloids
Alginate
Elastic
Polyethers
Condensation
silicone
Non-aqueous
elastomers
Addition
silicone

12. By Application or Mechanical Properties
Classification
By Setting Mechanism
By Application or Mechanical Properties
Non-elastic
Elastic
Chemical reaction
(irreversible)
Plaster of Paris
ZOE
Alginate hydrocolloid
Elastomers
Temperature changes
(reversible)
Compound
Wax
Agar hydrocolloid

13. Non Elastic Impression Materials
1- Impression Compound
Thermoplastic material.
Composition:
Natural resins e.g., shellac & carnuba wax.
Fillers: soap or talc.
Lubricants: stearic acid.
Colouring agent: e.g., rouge.

14. Types (forms of Supply)

15. Types
Type I: low fusing compound softens at °C
Supplied in the form of sheets, or cakes used as: impression for edentulous patients.
Or in the form of sticks or cones or cylinders.
Used as: impression for a single tooth preparation as in (crowns), known as Copper Band Impression.

17. Impression Compound

18. Manipulation Type II: High fusing compound softens at 70°°C.
Used as tray material to hold a secondary impression material
Manipulation
Heating:
In a water bath-soaking in water in cases of sheets and cakes.
Over a flame in case of sticks.
Avoid over heating.
Kneading: with the fingers.
Importance: assures uniform heating
Increases the flow.
Gives workability.

27. Manipulation
The compound disc is completely immersed in a water bath at C for about 4-5 minutes to ensure complete softening. Gauze is placed at the bottom of the water bath to prevent adherence. However if it is left in too long some of the constituents may be leached out into the water bath, altering the properties of the material (it is often the plasticizer stearic acid that is leached out). If the compound is kneaded water will become incorporated and act as a plasticiser. Kneading of the compound will incorporate water into the mass and thus increase the flow in the material (water = plasticizer).
The compound is loaded on to the tray and firm pressure is used to seat the tray home in the mouth. After the impression has been taken it is carefully examined, a common mistake is not softening the compound enough. In this is the case the impression can be reheated in a separate bowl of water (cross infection control) and the impression is repeated.

28. Cooling:
Assure uniform cooling by spraying with water at 16-18°C before removal from the mouth.

29. Properties Flow type 1: 85% at 45°C less than 6% at 37°C.
Type II: 70% at 45°C less than 2% at 37°C.
Viscous material does not record fine details.

30. Low thermal conductivity.
High expansion and contraction coefficients.
Linear contraction on cooling from mouth temperature to room temperature (0.3%-0.4%).

31. Dimensional Changes: due to relief of internal stresses (relaxation)  Warpage  distortion of the impression.
Model should be poured as soon as possible.
No separating medium.
Separation of model.

32. PROPERTIES Poor surface detail
High coefficient of thermal expansion (contraction of up to 0.3% when removed from mouth to room temperature)
Distorts when removed over undercut areas
Poor dimensional stability
Can be modified by re-heating
Non toxic and non irritant
Good shelf life

33. ADVANTAGES & DisADVANTAGES
1. Non irritant and non toxic 2. Reusable (but with re-use the constituents are leached out) 3. Can be reheated and readapted 4. Can support other materials for wash impressions
DISADVANTAGES
1. Poor dimensional stability 2. Poor surface detail 3. Expansion coefficient 4. Will distort if removed from undercuts

34. THANK YOU