1. Power Grid Reinforcement Fall Presentation Team 9b: – Jon Brown – Kyle Reininger – Alan Myers – Karl Homburg – Dan Sinnott

2. Introduction What is the role of the transmission system? The transmission system transfers electric energy in bulk from generating plants at various locations to the load centers. Why is this project important? With deregulation imminent, new transmission systems have to be highly reliable and cost effective.

3. Project Definition The Mecosta area has been experiencing low voltage problems during heavy load conditions. A capacitor bank has been added to the Mecosta 138 kV substation to temporarily fix the load voltage problems. This short term remedy, yet slightly helping heavy load conditions, will not support the system during a single outage. This increase in load will lead to major overloading problems if the system is not upgraded.

4. Project Tasks Improve the 2004 base case provided to us by consumers energy Generate solutions to improve the base case using PTI’s PSS/E (a power flow simulation program) Given certain factors, choose the best solution

5. The six Commandments of Transmission I. Real and reactive power flow II. Economics III. Stability IV. Interchange capability V. Reliability VI. Environmental impact

6. Design Objectives Review current and future problems Correct these problems by simulation, using PTI’s PSS/E power flow program Develop solutions that will maintain system stability during a unforeseen problem Develop solutions that will provide the customer with high quality reliable power, yet at a low cost

7. Standards & Specifications Equipment loading should not exceed 100% of it’s normal rating. According to FERC Form 715, Voltages on the EHV network should be between 0.97 & 1.05 during normal conditions. Following the minimal acceptable voltage rules given to us by Consumers, during either emergency or normal conditions.

8. Current Work Used Aspen Power Flow to generate an understanding of system loading problems Generated 3 possible solutions with PTI’s PSS/E to fix the loading problems Looked at each solution on a basis of the standards and specifications given on the previous slide.

9. Possible Solutions 1. Added a line from Clare Jct. (164) to Mecosta (450). Removed line between Mecosta and Croton (280). 2. Removed capacitor bank at Mecosta (450). Added a line from Clare Jct. (164) to Ohman Rd. Jct. (490). 3. Removed capacitor bank at Mecosta (450). Added a line from Ohman Rd. Jct. (490) to Wexford (693).

10. Upcoming Work Develop better solutions using more accurate mathematical methods. Obtain actual impedance values of lines using base values of: – S base = 100,000,000 VA – V base = 138,000 V – I base = 418.37 A – Z base = 190.44 

11. Upcoming Work - continued Create CAD drawings showing the possible solutions. Look at each solution on a basis of: - engineering standards & specifications. - cost of implementation. - environmental factors. Narrow all of our solutions down to one solution, considering our 6 commandments of transmission. Actual system design: Capacitor banks, Transformers, Lines

12. Estimated Budget Income: Carryover$500.00 Student Fees$1000.00 Total Income:$1500.00 Expenses: Supplies$100.00 Miscellaneous$100.00 Travel$500.00 PTI Software$500.00 Total Expenses:$1200.00 10% Overhead:$150.00 Balance:$150.00