1. Agriculture and Forestry, Bioeconomy Views Klaus Ammann, University of Bern, Switzerland Bioeconomy Dublin February 14, 2013

2. The four points I want to talk about 1.Regulation too expensive, one of the main reasons : Wrong focus on transgenic Crops: Genomic Misconception: Natural Mutation (ie. Conventional breeding) and Transgenesis are the same on the molecular process level 2.Yield in Agriculture, a mixed bag, climate mitigation, towards a better Ag Economy 3.Forestry at the crossroads, realistic view on climate cooling and warming, adaptation to modern forestry and nature protection 4.The consequences: Stop the propaganda and trade wars, it is dialogue, collaboration and free trade which will bring European agriculture forward

3. 1. Regulation too expensive, one of the main reasons : Wrong focus on transgenic Crops: Genomic Misconception: Natural Mutation (ie. Conventional breeding) and Transgenesis are the same on the molecular process level

4. In the European Union (and the Cartagena Protocol decision making process is too complex, obscure and politically inefficient The Canadian product oriented regulation would solve many problems, big obstacle: Unscientific focus on transgenesis Ammann, K. (20120706), Genomic Misconception: A fresh look at the biosafety of transgenic and conventional crops, a plea for a process agnostic regulation New Biotechnology, in press, pp. 32, http://www.ask-force.org/web/NewBiotech/Genomic-Misconception-20120706-names-def.pdf http://www.ask-force.org/web/NewBiotech/Genomic-Misconception-20120706-names-def.pdf

5. System map of the principal issues, challenges and feedback loops in the risk management component of the legislation EPEC-SANCO (2011) Evaluation of the EU legislative framework in the field of cultivation of GMOs under Directive 2001/18/EC and Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003, and the placing on the market of GMOs as or in products under Directive 2001/18/EC Final Report, pp. 137. European Commission DG Sanco http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/ biotechnology/evaluation/docs/ gmo_cultivation_report_en.pdf

6. http://www.europabio.org/sites/default/files/44_years_of_delays_in_the_eu_approval_of_gm_products_europabio.pdf Undue delays in Europe for the approval of GM crops, status November 5, 2012

7. Innovation in agbiotech. (a) Location and sector of organizations conducting R&D for the 558 transgenic product quality innovations identified. Private sector consists of corporate and privately held firms. Public sector consists of government research laboratories, universities and nonprofit research institutes. (b) Annual entry, exit and the numbers of innovations active in the R&D pipeline were calculated from observations of the 558 innovations tracked in the primary survey. The number of active innovations stopped growing in 1998, after which those new innovations that entered were more likely to be published and less likely to move toward commercialization. Fig.1 from (Graff et al., 2009b). Graff, G.D., Zilberman, D., & Bennett, A.B. (2009) The contraction of Ag-biotech product quality innovation. Nature Biotechnology, 27, 8, pp 702-704 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Regulation/Graff-Contraction-Agbiotech-Innovation-2009.pdf

8. One of the main reasons for the regulatory stall and the difficult innovation climate in modern Agrivculture in Europe: the Genomic Misconception Natural Mutation (ie. Conventional breeding) and Transgenesis (i.e. GM crops) are the same on the molecular process level Ammann, K. (20120706), Genomic Misconception: A fresh look at the biosafety of transgenic and conventional crops, a plea for a process agnostic regulation New Biotechnology, in press, pp. 32, http://www.ask-force.org/web/NewBiotech/Genomic-Misconception-20120706-names-def.pdf http://www.ask-force.org/web/NewBiotech/Genomic-Misconception-20120706-names-def.pdf

9. European Biosafety and the Cartagena Protocol The biosafety protocol is based on the wrong premises: See Genomic Misconception in this slides: Natural Mutation and transgenesis are the same on the molecular level. www.strangevehicles.com

10. The time has come for the scientific community to advance a new generation of international organizations that expressly promote scientific cooperation — agencies that can help foster technological cooperation for Africa’s economic transformation. Juma, C. (2011) The New Harvest: Agricultural Innovation in Africa Preprint 3 Chapters Oxford University Press (14. Januar 2011) IS: ISBN-10: 0199783195 ISBN-13: 978-0199783199, pp 296 http://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/Juma-Governing-Innovation-2011.pdf and http://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/Juma-Growing-Economy- Ch-1-2011.pdf and http://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/Juma-Introduction-2011.pdf AND https://www.amazon.de/New-Harvest-Agricultural- Innovation-Africa/dp/0199783195/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1320909861&sr=8-1 Juma, C. (2011) Preventing hunger: Biotechnology is key. Nature, 479, 7374, pp 471-472 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/479471a AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/Juma-Preventing-Hunger-Nature-2011.pdfhttp://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/Juma-Preventing-Hunger-Nature-2011.pdf Juma, C. (2011) Science Meets Farming in Africa. Science, 334, 6061, pp 1323 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6061/1323.short AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/Juma-Science-Meets-Africa-20111209.pdfhttp://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/Juma-Science-Meets-Africa-20111209.pdf

11. 2. Yield in Agriculture, a mixed bag, climate mitigation, towards a better Ag Economy

12. Type:GIF Slavo Mac (20110824) Complexity Theorists Predict Food Crisis, Riots and Civil Unrest By April 2013. In SHTFplan.com http://www.shtfplan.com/forecasting/complexity-theorists-predict-food-crisis-riots-and-civil-unrest-by-april-2013_08242011 http://www.shtfplan.com/forecasting/complexity-theorists-predict-food-crisis-riots-and-civil-unrest-by-april-2013_08242011

14. Galvao, A. and Celeres (20100809), Celeres, Biotechnology Report 2010, Celeres, No. pp. 7, Uberlandia, Matto Grosso, http://www.ask- force.org/web/Brazil/ Celeres-Brazil- Biotechnology- Report-2010.pdf http://www.ask- force.org/web/Brazil/ Celeres-Brazil- Biotechnology- Report-2010.pdf AND http://www.celeres.c om.br/1/english/inde x.html http://www.celeres.c om.br/1/english/inde x.html

15. Mercosur consolidates as leading soybean region with 52% of world’s production Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Bolivia harvest 136 million tons annually, compared to the 83 from the United States and the world’s 260 million tons (2011) http://en.mercopress.com/2011/09/17/mercosur-consolidates-as-leading-soybean-region-with-52-of-world-s-production

16. It is wrong to blame all mishap with GM crops to Genetic Engineering See a typical debate between scientists on this topic Broer, I., R. J. Busch, C. Jung, F. Ordon, M. Qaim, B. Reinhold-Hurek, U. Sonnewald, A. von Tiedemann, C. Moehring, P. Schmitz-Moeller and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (2009), Gruene Gentechnik, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, No. ISBN 978-3-527-32857-4, pp. 56, http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Regulation/DFG-Broschuer-Gruene-Gentechnik-2009.pdfhttp://www.botanischergarten.ch/Regulation/DFG-Broschuer-Gruene-Gentechnik-2009.pdf Taube, F., M. Krawinkel, A. Susenbeth and W. Theobald (2011), The booklet "Genetically modified crops" published from the German Research Foundation, does not meet the given claim Environmental Sciences Europe, 23, 1, pp. 1, http://www.enveurope.com/content/23/1/1 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Taube-DFG-Genuegt-Nicht-2011.pdf Broer, I., C. Jung, F. Ordon, M. Qaim, B. Reinhold-Hurek, U. Sonnewald and A. von Tiedemann (2011), Response to the criticism by Taube et al. in ESE 23:1, 2011, on the booklet "Green Genetic Engineering" published by the German Research Foundation (DFG) Environmental Sciences Europe, 23, 1, pp. 16, http://www.enveurope.com/content/23/1/16 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Broer-Stellungsname-DFG-2011.pdf http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Broer-Stellungsname-DFG-2011.pdf

17. Development of resistant weeds with herbicide use

18. Fig. 2. Relationship between nsecticide use and crop losses with and without Bt technology.Curves are predictions based on econometric estimation of a logistic damage-control function. See table S1 for details and results of the estimation procedure.Data was obtained from 2001 trials. Qaim, M. & Zilberman, D. (2003) Yield effects of genetically modified crops in developing countries. Science, 299, 5608, pp 900-902 http://www.ask-force.org/web/BioEconomy/Qaim-Zilberman-Yield-Effects-2003.pdfhttp://www.ask-force.org/web/BioEconomy/Qaim-Zilberman-Yield-Effects-2003.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/BioEconomy/Qaim-Zilberman-Yield-Effects-supplements-2003.pdf

19. Figure 2. Relationship between insecticide use and crop losses with and without Bt technology. Curves are predictions based on econometric estimation of a logistic damage-control function. See table S1 for details and results of the estimation procedure. Data was obtained from 2001 trials Qaim, M. & Zilberman, D. (2003) Yield effects of genetically modified crops in developing countries. Science, 299, 5608, pp 900-902 ://WOS:000180830900055 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/BioEconomy/Qaim-Zilberman-Yield- Effects-2003.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/BioEconomy/Qaim-Zilberman-Yield-Effects-supplements-2003.pdfhttp://www.ask-force.org/web/BioEconomy/Qaim-Zilberman-Yield-Effects-supplements-2003.pdf

20. Royal-Society (2009), Reaping the benefits: science and the sustainable intensification of global agriculture, Royal Socienty, No. 11/09, pp. 89, London, AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Benefits/RS-Reaping-the-Benefits-200910.pdfhttp://www.ask-force.org/web/Benefits/RS-Reaping-the-Benefits-200910.pdf Ammann, K. (20120620), Chapter 27: Advancing the cause in emerging economies in Successful Agricultural Innovation in Emerging Economies, ed. Bennett David and Jennings Richard, Vol., pp. 27 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, http://www.ask-force.org/web/CUP-Success-GM-crops/Ammann-Advancing- Cause-Emerging-20120802.pdf http://www.ask-force.org/web/CUP-Success-GM-crops/Ammann-Advancing- Cause-Emerging-20120802.pdf

21. 3. Forestry at the crossroads, realistic view on climate cooling and warming, adaptation to modern forestry and nature protection

22. Nepstad, D., B. S. Soares-Filho, F. Merry, A. Lima, P. Moutinho, J. Carter, M. Bowman, A. Cattaneo, H. Rodrigues, S. Schwartzman, D. G. McGrath, C. M. Stickler, R. Lubowski, P. Piris-Cabezas, S. Rivero, A. Alencar, O. Almeida and O. Stella (2009), The End of Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, Science, 326, 5958, pp. 1350-1351, ://WOS:000272351100023 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Brazil/Brazil-Amazon- Deforestation-Ends-2009.pdf http://www.ask- force.org/web/Brazil/Brazil-Amazon- Deforestation-Ends-2009.pdf

23. Multiple-use forest management, which includes timber, non-timber forest products, and environmental conservation services, is considered a promising tropical conservation and development strategy Western Amazonas Duchelle, A. E., M. R. Guariguata, G. Less, M. A. Albornoz, A. Chavez and T. Melo (2012), Evaluating the opportunities and limitations to multiple use of Brazil nuts and timber in Western Amazonia Forest Ecology and Management, 268, pp. 39-48, ://WOS:00030175040 0005 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Economics /Duchelle-Evaluating- Opportunities-Brazil-Nut- W-Amazon-2012.pdf

25. Vogelpohl, T. and F. Aggestam (2012), Public policies as institutions for sustainability: potentials of the concept and findings from assessing sustainability in the European forest-based sector European Journal of Forest Research, 131, 1, pp. 57-71, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Forestry- Sustain/Vogelpohl-Public-Policies-Institutions-2011.pdfhttp://www.ask-force.org/web/Forestry- Sustain/Vogelpohl-Public-Policies-Institutions-2011.pdf

26. IPCC, Metz B., Davidson O., Bosch P., Rutu D. and Meyer L. (2007b), Climate Change 2007 - Mitigation of Climate Change: Working Group III contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC edn. IPCC, IS: IS: ISBN-10: 0521705983 ISBN-13: 978-0521705981. pp. 862, http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/contents.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Global-Warming/IPCC-Mitigation-Full-Report-2007.pdf

27. Sheppard, A.W., Raghu, S., Begley, C., & Richardson, D.M. (2011) Biosecurity in the new bioeconomy. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 3, 1-2, pp 1-3 ://WOS:000289496900001 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/BioEconomy/Sheppard-Biosecurity-Sustainability- Bioeconomy-2011.pdfhttp://www.ask- force.org/web/BioEconomy/Sheppard-Biosecurity-Sustainability- Bioeconomy-2011.pdf

28. Optimal Centralized Kim, J., M. J. Realff, J. H. Lee, C. Whittaker and L. Furtner (2011), Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model Biomass & Bioenergy, 35, 2, pp. 853-871, ://WOS:000287277600013 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Economics/Kim- Design-Biomass-Processing-MILP- 2011.pdf Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model 1 Biomass production Forestry

29. Optimal Distributed Kim, J., M. J. Realff, J. H. Lee, C. Whittaker and L. Furtner (2011), Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model Biomass & Bioenergy, 35, 2, pp. 853-871, ://WOS:000287277600013 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Economics/Kim- Design-Biomass-Processing-MILP- 2011.pdf Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model 2 Biomass production Forestry

30. Kim, J., M. J. Realff, J. H. Lee, C. Whittaker and L. Furtner (2011), Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model Biomass & Bioenergy, 35, 2, pp. 853-871, ://WOS:000287277600013 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Economics/Kim- Design-Biomass-Processing- MILP-2011.pdf Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model 3 Biomass production Forestry

31. A decade ago, the World Bank Group shifted its approach in the forest sector by putting poverty alleviation and sustainable economic development on equal footing with conservation. It was a bold move given the risks and trade-offs involved in balancing these three aims. A decade into its implementation, the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) evaluated the progress made and results of this approach. The evaluation involved a review of the Bank Group strategy and the complete portfolio of nearly 350 operations during the decade. Field-based case studies were conducted in Brazil, Chile, China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Liberia, Mexico, Peru, the Russian Federation, South Sudan, Uruguay and a desk study of small island states. Worldbank-IEG (20130205), Managing Forest Resources for Sustainable Development, An Evaluation of World Bank Group Experience, World Bank, No. pp. http://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/content/ieg/en/home/reports/forest.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Forestry-Sustain/World-Bank-IEG-Managing-Forest-sustain-20130205.pdf

32. Worldbank-IEG (20130205), Managing Forest Resources for Sustainable Development, An Evaluation of World Bank Group Experience, World Bank, No. pp. http://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/content/ieg/en/home/reports/forest.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Forestry-Sustain/World-Bank-IEG-Managing-Forest-sustain-20130205.pdf

33. Worldbank-IEG (20130205), Managing Forest Resources for Sustainable Development, An Evaluation of World Bank Group Experience, World Bank, No. pp. http://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/content/ieg/en/home/reports/forest.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Forestry-Sustain/World-Bank-IEG-Managing-Forest-sustain-20130205.pdf

34. Worldbank-IEG (20130205), Managing Forest Resources for Sustainable Development, An Evaluation of World Bank Group Experience, World Bank, No. pp. http://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/content/ieg/en/home/reports/forest.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Forestry-Sustain/World-Bank-IEG-Managing-Forest-sustain-20130205.pdf

35. Herring, R.J. & Rao Chandrasekhara N. (2012) On the ‘Failure of Bt Cotton’, Analysing a Decade of Experience. Economic and Political Weekly, XLVII, 18, pp 45-53 http://epw.in/epw/uploads/articles/17418.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Cotton/Herring-Rao-Failure-Bt-Cotton-Analysis-2012.pdf

36. Antle, J. M. and S. M. Capalbo (2002), Agriculture as a managed ecosystem: Policy implications Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 27, 1, pp. 1-15, ://WOS:00018319 2100001 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Econo mics/Antle- Agriculture-Managed- Ecosystem-2002.pdf

37. 4. The consequences: Stop the propaganda and trade wars, it is dialogue, collaboration and free trade which will bring European agriculture forward

38. Genepeace, Not Greenpeace

39. Ammann, K. (2008) Feature: Integrated farming: Why organic farmers should use transgenic crops, open source citations. New Biotechnology, 25, 2, pp 101 - 107 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Ne wBiotech/Ammann-Opinion- Integrated-Farming-20080825- names-links-edited.pdf Ammann, K. (2009) Feature: Why farming with high tech methods should integrate elements of organic agriculture. accepted, corrected proof, open links. New Biotechnology, 4, pp http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Ne wBiotech/Integrated-Farming- Biotech-Org-20090803-openlink.pdf Why high tech farmers should adopt Organic management

40. Ronald, P.C. & Adamchak, R.W. (2008) Tomorrow's Table: Organic Farming, Genetics, and the Future of Food Oxford University Press, USA (April 18, 2008) IS: ISBN-10: 0195301757 ISBN-13: 978-0195301755 pp 232 Book review by J. Gressel 2009 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Gressel-Book- Ronald-2009.pdf http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Gressel-Book- Ronald-2009.pdf

42. Amish farmers in biotech-debate: subsequent partial adoption of transgenic crops: 1999, see: http://www.ifpri.org/2020conference/PDF/summary_ammann.pdf

43. Reed, M. S., E. D. G. Fraser and A. J. Dougill (2006), An adaptive learning process for developing and applying sustainability indicators with local communities Ecological Economics, 59, 4, pp. 406- 418, http://www.ask- force.org/web/Sustainability/ Reed-Adaptive-Learning- Process-2006.pdf

44. Ammann, K. (20120620), Chapter 27: Advancing the cause in emerging economies in Successful Agricultural Innovation in Emerging Economies, ed. Bennett David and Jennings Richard, Vol., pp. 27 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, http://www.ask-force.org/web/CUP-Success-GM-crops/Ammann-Advancing-Cause-Emerging-20120802.pdfhttp://www.ask-force.org/web/CUP-Success-GM-crops/Ammann-Advancing-Cause-Emerging-20120802.pdf AND http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/18208928/948211079/name/BENNETTJENNINGS-AGRICULTURE.pdf http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/18208928/948211079/name/BENNETTJENNINGS-AGRICULTURE.pdf

45. http://www.ask-force.org/web/Discourse/Huggins-Econpragmatists-Ecopragmatists-PERC-2013.pdfn

46. Forgot what we are Protesting http://www.nearlygood.com/ We are programmed in millions of years of evolution to be alarmed and act accordingly Common protest engines: Constant framing through Protest-corporates and moral self- licensing Merritt, A.C., Effron, D.A., & Monin, B. (2010) Moral Self-Licensing: When Being Good Frees Us to Be Bad. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4, 5, pp 344-357 http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Merritt- Moral-Self-Licensing-2010.pdf

47. bye bye Heliotis bye bye pesticides Percentage GM cotton in the USA Bt-toxin may be hazardous to your health, don‘t swallow and keep away from children The Euro-Bills are made out of transgenic Bt - cotton