1. MLA Documentation Quotes Summaries Paraphrases In-text Citations Three Homework Exercises! Due Tuesday, November 1 st.

2. Quotations Perhaps the most commonly-used method of source integration. Taken verbatim from the source. Three ways of integrating: Introduced with a colon Introduced with an attribution (“X remarks,” or “Y argues”) Integrated into the body of your paper and the structure of your sentences.

3. Quotations (Examples) Original Quote: “With advocates like [Langston] Hughes, African American women were ‘allowed’ to let loose their sexuality as an expression of a culture not beholden to mores that many saw as white-imposed” (Baldanzi par. 5). With a colon: Baldanzi demonstrates that African American women enjoyed different social restrictions than white women: “With advocates like [etc.]...” (par. 5). With an attribution: Concerning sexuality and race, Baldanzi argues that “with advocates like [etc.]...” (par. 5). Integrated into the sentence: African American women did not experience the same social restrictions on their sexuality, for “with advocates like [etc.]...” (Baldanzi par. 5).

4. Quotations—In-text Citations Always used with an in-text citation: Quote without introduction: Author’s last name and page number Though it might seem strange “this, she reflected, was of a piece with all that she knew of Clare Kendry” (Larsen 143). Quote with author introduction: page number As Nella Larsen notes in her novella Passing, “this, she reflected, was of a piece with all that she knew of Clare Kendry” (143). Quote from an unauthored text: Title of piece and page number In response to the crisis “Divided We Fail is asking our nation's leaders to commit to working in a bipartisan way to provide Americans with actions and answers on health and long-term financial security” (“Divided We Fail Congressional Pledge” par. 1). If your source does NOT have page numbers, you must count paragraphs!! This means that most online sources will have to be cited with “par. #”!

5. Quotations—Ellipses (...) Repeat: Ellipses are not a pause. Ellipses are not a pause. Ellipses are NOT a pause! Ellipses (“...”) are used to omit words from the quote to make it shorter and more powerful: Original Quote: “We believe Americans should have choices when it comes to long-term care - allowing them to maintain their independence at home or in their communities with expanded and affordable financing options” (“The Divided We Fail Platform” par. 5). Edited Quote: “We believe Americans should have choices when it comes to... expanded and affordable financing options” (“The Divided We Fail Platform” par. 5).

6. Long Quotes Any quote longer than four (4) typed lines in standard MLA format must be formatted differently. Indent your quote 1” Do NOT include quotation marks. Place your in-text citation OUTSIDE of the ending punctuation. This is called a block quote.

7. Integrate a Quote Homework Exercise #1: Use the following information to construct sentences wherein you integrate and cite the given quote correctly. Write three sentences: one where you integrate your quote with a colon, one with an attribution, and one where you integrate it into the body of your sentence. “Women are significantly underrepresented with respect to amount of [media] coverage, even though women represent 40% of participants nationwide in terms of sport and physical activity.” Author: Mary Jo Kane Article: “Transcript: Playing Unfair” Page Number: 469 in your textbook.

8. Summaries The main idea(s) of some else’s work as stated in your own words and ideas. Often much shorter than the original. We summarize all the time: Describing a movie that we just saw to someone who hasn’t seen it yet. Talking about a conversation or argument we just had. Answering the question: “What did you do over your spring break?”

9. Summaries—Citations Only include in-text citation if you have NOT introduced the source. If you have already described the source you are using, in-text citations are not necessary. Get into the habit of introducing your sources before summarizing them. Make it clear that your audience is aware where your ideas stop and your sources’ ideas begin. Example: Many critics have noticed the homosexual undertones in early 20 th century works by black artists. In David Blackmore’s article “‘That Unreasonable Restless Feeling,’” the argument is made that Nella Larsen, in her novella Passing, uses subtle language to encode homosexual desire for both the male and female characters of her narrative in direct opposition to Harlem Renaissance dictates on sexuality. I would like to amend Blackmore’s argument, relating Passing’s coded language instead to... (etc.)

10. Summaries—Citations Analysis of My Example from the Previous Slide: I introduced my source (“In David Blackmore’s article “‘That Unreasonable Restless Feeling’”) prior to summarizing it. My summary was just a single sentence (“Nella Larsen, in her novella Passing, uses subtle language to encode homosexual desire for both the male and female characters of her narrative in direct opposition to Harlem Renaissance dictates on sexuality”) yet captures the article’s MAIN points. I clearly demonstrated where Blackmore began (by introducing him), and where he ended (by switching to a first-person “I” in the next sentence). I didn’t have to include an in-text citation for the article because I introduced it prior to summarizing it.

11. Summary Activity Homework Exercise #2: Write a summary of one of the articles from “Imagining the Ideal Body.” Write first a sentence-long summary, then a paragraph-long summary. Both summaries should be of the same article. Don’t forget to introduce your source! Pay special attention to the choices you have to make in these summaries. What sorts of information did you have to cut out? What kinds of information did you decide to include?

12. Paraphrases Take ideas from other sources and restate them in your own words. NOT the main ideas of the entire work, just sections or sentences that you find interesting and useful that you have restated. In academic writing, paraphrases are often used to make complicated, theoretical language clearer and more understandable for the audience. Often ends up being longer than the original work Must include an in-text citation! Do NOT “cut and paste” your paraphrase. Changing a few words is not an act of paraphrasing; it is an act of plagiarism!

13. Paraphrase Example Original Quote: “[Life] is a tale / Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury / Signifying nothing” (Shakespeare, Macbeth V.V25-7) Paraphrase: “I thought of something else Shakespeare said. He said, ‘Hey, life is pretty stupid, with lots of hubbub to keep us busy but not really amounting to much.’ Of course I’m paraphrasing” (L.A. Story). In this paraphrase, Steve Martin takes a serious example from Shakespeare about the ultimate meaningless of life, and makes it humorous without losing the original meaning.

14. Paraphrase, Another Example Check out this site. This has a great example for what NOT to do and what to do during a paraphrase. It’s a difficult art to master, but with practice you can be paraphrasing like a pro! http://papyr.com/hypertextbooks/comp2/samppara.htm

15. Paraphrase Activity Homework Exercise #3: Take the following quote and paraphrase it. You may use only a section or smaller portion of the quote. Use the examples from the website listed on the previous slide to help you decided how you want to structure this paraphrase. This should be several sentences long! Remember to correctly cite your paraphrase! I think that McDonald's has a profound effect on the way people do a lot of things I mean it leads people to want everything fast, to have, you know, a limited attention span so that kind of thing spills over onto, let's say, television viewing or newspaper reading, and so you have a short attention span, you want everything fast, so you don't have patience to read the New York Times and so you read McPaper, you read USA today. You don't have patience to watch a lengthy newscast on a particular issue so you watch CNN News and their little news McNugget kinds of things so it creates a kind of mindset which seeks the same kind of thing in one setting after another. I see it in education where you have, in a sense, a generation of students who've been raised in a McDonaldised society, they want things fast, they want idealic nuggets from Professors, they don't want sort of slow build up of ideas, you gotta keep them amused, you gotta come in with the Ronald McDonald costume and quip a series of brilliant theoretical points or else they're going to turn you off. – “Interview with George Ritzer,” One-Off Productions. Page 573 in your textbook.

16. What does an Annotated Bibliography Look Like? Check out my Annotated Bibliography Formatting Guide for tips on how to format the annotated bibliography that you will submit for this class.Annotated Bibliography Formatting Guide Look at the Owl at Purdue site for some examples of annotated bibliographies.Owl at Purdue