1. Felderhoff Brothers Drilling Hydration

2. Robert Spears Safety Penetrates Every Area Regardless the Situation CPS – Felderhoff Safety Coordinator PEC SafeGulf/SafeLand Instructor Medic First Aid Instructor 25 years as a Paramedic/Firefighter 23 years as a Fire/EMS Instructor Retired Fire Chief

3. “Water is one of the most important nutrients in our body. It makes up approximately 70 percent of our muscles, and about 75 percent of our brains.” — Medical College of WisconsinMedical College of Wisconsin

4. Oxygen, water, salt/sodium, and potassium are primary elements for survival of the human body. Dehydration is defined as an excessive loss of body fluid. Can occur in hot or cold environment and sickness Rehydration is the replenishment of water, or water and electrolytes, lost through dehydration.

5. Lost H2O = Lost Focus One hour of moderate-intensity exercise at a temperature of 70o Fahrenheit results in an average loss of 27 ounces of sweat. Even low-intensity exercise or activity can cause significant fluid loss. At this point, performance declines due to increased reaction time, and decreased concentration and judgment. Of even more concern is the fact that the individual may be completely unaware of these occurrences until it’s too late.

6. We use water as well as expend it. In fact just in everyday breathing we lose about two cups of water. Other ways that we lose body water is through sweating and urinating. If we fail to replenish these losses, we set ourselves up to become dehydrated.

7. Thirst shuts down when we need it most. We can return to 95% of optimum in just a day or two, but it can take a year to completely re-hydrate the body.

8. "In the early stages of dehydration, there are no signs or symptoms."— rehydrate.org rehydrate.org At 2% dehydration, work performance will fall off by 10-20%."— nfpt.com nfpt.com "Plain water does not provide necessary nutrients or electrolytes."— WebMD.com WebMD.com

9. “If a dehydrated person drinks beverages that contain caffeine, such as teas, soda, coffee, or some energy drinks they may feel worse. Caffeine causes more urination, so it can undo the benefit of drinking fluids.” — discoveryhealth.com discoveryhealth.com

10. Electrolytes are important because they are what your cells (especially nerves, heart, & muscles) use to maintain voltages across their cell membranes and to carry electrical impulses (nerve impulses, muscle contractions) across themselves and to other cells. Your kidneys work to keep the electrolyte concentrations in your blood constant despite changes in your body.

11. For example, when you work in hot weather, you lose electrolytes in your sweat, particularly sodium and potassium. Workers in extreme conditions (for three or more hours continuously) who do not consume electrolytes risk dehydration. These electrolytes must be replaced to keep the electrolyte concentrations of your body fluids constant. — howstuffworks.comhowstuffworks.com

12. Electrolytes are commonly found in fruit juices, sports drinks, tomato soup and many fruits and vegetables (e.g. potatoes, avocados). Rehydration drinks, (such as Pedialyte, Lytren, or Advocare Rehydrate) and other types of sports drinks replace fluids and electrolytes. BE SURE TO READ THE LABEL

13. Many sports drinks have sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride added, however the ratio is improperly balanced to manage the issue of fast rehydration "Sports drinks (10-25 mmol/L sodium and 3-5 mmol/L potassium) may not address the replacement of large electrolyte loses during and after strenuous activity." — Australian Inst. of SportAustralian Inst. of Sport

14. Signs and Symptoms

16. Symptoms of early or mild dehydration include: flushed face extreme thirst, more than normal or unable to drink dry, warm skin cannot pass urine or reduced amounts, dark, yellow dizziness made worse when you are standing weakness cramping in the arms and legs crying with few or no tears sleepy or irritable unwell headaches dry mouth, dry tongue; with thick saliva.

17. Symptoms of moderate to severe dehydration include: low blood pressure fainting severe muscle contractions in the arms, legs, stomach, and back convulsions heart failure sunken dry eyes, with few or no tears a bloated stomach lack of elasticity of the skin (when a bit of skin lifted up stays folded and takes a long time to go back to its normal position) rapid and deep breathing - faster than normal fast, weak pulse

18. In severe dehydration, the patient may develop evidence of hypovolaemic shock, including: diminished consciousness lack of urine output cool moist extremities a rapid and feeble pulse (the radial pulse may be undetectable) low or undetectable blood pressure peripheral cyanosis Death follows soon if rehydration is not started quickly! This is a medical emergency

19. Treatment and Prevention

20. Treatment for Dehydration: Minor dehydration (Heat Stress): – Drink water with electrolytes More severe dehydration (Heat Exhaustion): – Replenishment of water with electrolytes, stop fluid loss, rest and cool off. (STOP) Severe dehydration (Heat Stroke): – Emergency attention is required

21. When working in extreme conditions: “Avoid caffeinated beverages and alcohol, both contain substances that will cause dehydration.” “Avoid carbonated beverages because the carbonation may cause bloating or a feeling of fullness and prevent adequate consumption of fluids.” — healthlink healthlink

22. Ideally fluids consumption, should meet the following criteria: A person performing normal activities should drink at least 8 cups of water daily = 64 oz = ½ gallon. Outside activities 1 gallon + have a palatable flavor to encourage greater fluid intake contain 6-8% carbohydrate contain balanced ratio of electrolytes such as sodium and potassium be non-carbonated contain essential vitamins

23. 1:1 ratio Sodium to potassium

24. 1 Cup Water = 8oz of Water 1 Cup Gatorade = 4 part sodium and one part potassium 4:1/ 8oz water. Side effects thick tong. 1 Cup Advocare Rehydrate = 1 part sodium and one part potassium 1:1 / 8oz water. Side effects fluids leave the GI track and penetrate into the cells faster then H 2 O can

25. AdvoCare® Rehydrate Electrolyte Replacement Drink: is a sports drink mix that provides efficient rehydration. contains a sequential carbohydrate profile for sustained energy. has balanced 1:1 ratio of sodium and potassium to replenish these ions that are lost in sweat and urine. supplies calcium and magnesium, vital to muscle physiology and energetics, benefiting both contraction and relaxation phases for reduced cramping and quicker recovery. antioxidants in the formula help protect against free radical damage. L-glutamine helps buffer and process lactic acid produced through physical activity, resulting in reduced muscle cramping, and also serves as an energy source for mental function. L-arginine helps support muscle strength and recovery as well as optimizing cardiovascular blood flow.