1. WRLFMD
Identification of a Ninth Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type O Topotype and Evidence for a Recombination Event in its Evolution
Nick J. Knowles, Paul R. Davies,
Rebecca J. Midgley and Jean-François Valarcher
Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
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2. WRLFMD
FMDV O in Africa
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3. Previous studies Few studies on the European FMDV serotypes in Africa:
WRLFMD
Previous studies
Few studies on the European FMDV serotypes in Africa:
Knowles et al., 1998 (type A)
Samuel et al., 1999 (type O)
Samuel & Knowles, 2001 (type O)
Sangare et al., 2001 (type O)
Sahle et al., 2004 (type O)
Bronsvoort et al., 2004 (types O & A)
Distinct genetic lineages of both FMDV-O and FMDV-A circulate in East and West Africa and viruses occurring in North Africa may be introduced from a variety of sources (Europe, South America, Middle East and West Africa).
Outbreaks of FMD types O and A in southern Africa are very rare and are usually introduced from outside the continent.
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4. FMDV O Topotypes - 2001 IAH WRLFMD
Samuel, A.R. & Knowles, N.J Foot-and-mouth disease type O viruses exhibit genetically and geographically distinct evolutionary lineages (topotypes). J. Gen. Virol. 82:

5. Position within the gene
WRLFMD
RT-PCR & Sequencing
Capsid
Non-structural proteins
5’ UTR L P1 P2 P3
3’ UTR
IRES
VPg
AAAAAAAAAn
Poly C
VP4
VP2
VP3
VP1 2A 2B 2C 3A 3B 3C 3D
O-1C244F
O-1C272F
O-1C283F
NK61
Primers for RT-PCR an sequencing of FMDV O RNA.
Designation
Sequence (5' to 3')
Genome location
Gene
Position within the gene
O-1C244F
GCAGCAAAACACATGTCAAACACCTT
VP3
O-1C272F
TBGCRGGNCTYGCCCAGTACTAC
O-1C283F
GCCCAGTACTACACACAGTACAG
NK61
GACATGTCCTCCTGCATCTG 2B
58-77
NK72
GAAGGGCCCAGGGTTGGACTC
2A/2B
34-48; 1-6
O-1C499F
TACGCGTACACCGCGTC
O-1C583F
GACGGYGAYGCICTGGTCGT
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6. WRLFMD
VP1 (complete)
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7. WRLFMD
VP1 ( )
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8. WRLFMD
VP1 ( )
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9. Scanning analysis of VP1
WRLFMD
Scanning analysis of VP1
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10. Scanning analysis of VP1
WRLFMD
Scanning analysis of VP1
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11. Occurrence of FMDV O Topotypes in Africa
WRLFMD
Occurrence of FMDV O Topotypes in Africa
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12. Middle East-South Asia
WRLFMD
FMDV O Topotypes
East Africa 1
(EA-1)
South-east Asia
(SEA)
West Africa
(WA)
O/ALG/1/99
O/CIV/8/99
O/UGA/5/96
O/TAI/4/99
O/KEN/2/95
O/KEN/83/79
O/GHA/5/93
O/CAM/2/98
O/TAW/81/97
O/VIT/7/97
Middle East-South Asia
(ME-SA)
O/PHI/7/96
Cathay
O/IRQ/30/2000
O/HKN/14/82
O1/Manisa/TUR/69
O/A/CHA/58
O/ISA/8/83
O/BUN/7/2003
Indonesia-1
(ISA-1)
O/KEN/5/2002
O/ISA/9/74
O/KEN/7/2002
East Africa 2
(EA-2)
O/UGA/3/2002
O/KEN/3/2002
O/ISA/1/62
O/TAN/7/98
O/MAL/1/98
O/JAV/5/72 1%
O/ISA/1/74
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Indonesia-2
(ISA-2)
O3/VEN/51
O2/Brescia/ITL/47
Europe-South America
(Euro-SA)
O1/Kaufbeuren/FRG/66

13. Future work
We are completing the complete capsid sequencing of 9 African FMDV O isolates including representatives of all indigenous topotypes
We have an on-going study of FMDV O in Africa
We have completed a study of FMDV A in Africa (~80 VP1 sequences)
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14. WRLFMD
Conclusions
Two previously unrecognised genetic lineages of FMDV O were identified in East Africa, each having a distinct geographic distribution.
Recombination near the 3’ end of VP1 may have played a role in the evolution of the EA-2 topotype.
Alternatively, it may be that all the African lineages evolved after the introduction of Asian FMD viruses into Africa and more mutations have subsequently accumulated in certain parts of the capsid-coding region while other parts may have remained more conserved.
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15. WRLFMD
Recommendations
Future phylogenetic analyses for molecular epidemiological purposes should be based on complete VP1 sequences.
More extensive molecular epidemiological studies of the European FMDV serotypes in Africa should be undertaken (this is in progress in our laboratory for serotypes O and A).
More extensive genome analyses need to be performed to access the role of recombination in the natural evolution of FMD viruses.
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16. Acknowledgements Nigel Ferris & Geoff Hutchings
WRLFMD
Acknowledgements
Nigel Ferris & Geoff Hutchings
for viruses
Rahana Dwarka & Wilna Vosloo
for sequences
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