2. The Muscular System

3. Muscle System Functions  Provides voluntary movement of body  Enables breathing, blinking, and smiling  Allows you to hop, skip, jump, or do push-ups  Maintains posture  Produces heat

4. Functions Continued CCCCauses heart beat DDDDirects circulation of blood RRRRegulates blood pressure SSSSends blood to different areas of the body

5. PPPProvides movement of internal organs MMMMoves food through digestive tract EEEEnables bladder control CCCCauses involuntary actions RRRReflex actions AAAAdjusts opening of pupils CCCCauses hair to stand on end ( )

6. Muscle Tissue Characteristics IIIIs made up of contractile fibers PPPProvides movement CCCControlled by the nervous system VVVVoluntary- consciously controlled IIIInvoluntary- not under conscious control EEEExamples SSSSkeletal SSSSmooth CCCCardiac Cardiac Skeletal Smooth

7. Types of Muscle Tissue TTTThere are three main types of muscle tissue SSSSkeletal (striated) CCCCardiac (heart) SSSSmooth (visceral)

8. Comparison of Muscle Types Muscle Type Cardiac Function Movement of bone Walls of internal organs + in skin Location Attached to bone Heart SmoothSkeletal Striated- light and dark bands Many nuclei Striated One or two nuclei Characteristics Non-striated One nucleus (visceral) Long + slender BranchingShape Spindle shape Control Mode Beating of heart InvoluntaryInvoluntary Movement of internal organs Voluntary

9. Location of Muscles  Skeletal Muscles  Anterior view Quadriceps group

10. Location of Muscles  Skeletal Muscles  Posterior view Hastring group

11. Muscle Movement  Muscles originate on a _____bone in our body, cross over a ______, and insert onto a ______ bone.  It is important to understand that all muscles move from the ________ point going toward the __________ point.  It is because of the placement of the muscles that we can move. joint fixed moving insertion origination

12. Muscle Movement  Tendons  attach _________ to bone  are inelastic  don’t stretch when the force of the muscle acts on them  When muscle contracts, it pulls on the _______  Individual muscles can only ____ in ____ direction  Muscles work in opposing ______ muscle bone pullone pairs

13. Muscle Movement _________- Muscle that bends the joint when contracted. ___________- Muscle that straightens the joint when contracted. _____________ muscle is short, firm, tight and thicker around. __________ muscle is stretched, long, loose and thinner around. Flexor Extensor Relaxed Contracted

14.  When the biceps in the arm contracts the triceps ________ causing ________ of the arm.  When the triceps in the arm _________ the biceps relaxes causing ____________ of the arm. relaxes  ______ of muscles are needed because the only active _________ of a muscle is to _______, to lengthen it must be _________ by the action of an opposing _______. bending contracts straightening Pairs movement contract stretched muscle

15. Muscle + Bone Interaction LLLLet’s review the structures involved in movement at a joint.  Ligament  Tendon  Cartilage  Body (Belly)  Origin  Insertion  Contracted muscle  Relaxed muscle  Flexor  Extensor B C F F B F B C D E G DC A

16. 前臂活動中的伸肌。（第三冊，第 11 頁） the extensor in the movement of the forearm 相關詞彙︰二頭肌 (biceps), 伸肌 (extensor), 拮抗肌 (opposing muscles)二頭肌 伸肌 拮抗肌 英文發音（使用預設程式播放）使用預設程式播放

17. http://blip.tv/file/421508 Chicken wing dissection video link

18. Tendon

19. Ligament

20. Cartilage

21. Bone marrow

22. A. A. Phalanges B. B. Manus (hand) C. C. Alula (thumb) D. D. Metacarpals E. E. Carpal joint (wrist) F. Ulna G. Radius H. "Elbow“ I. Humerus J. "Shoulder" joint http://www.unit5.org/villhauer/Biology/Power%20Points/The%20Muscle%20System.ppt