1. 1 IEX8175 RF Electronics Avo Ots telekommunikatsiooni õppetool, TTÜ raadio- ja sidetehnika inst. avo.ots@ttu.ee

2. 2 Labs Laboratory works are on 10th of October, 7th of November, 21st of November, 5th of December room II-407. Marika Kulmar, marikak@lr.ttu.ee

3. Telephony TDM/ Circuit Switch Digital Trunk Subsystem Subsystem LineConcentrationLineConcentration AdministrationMaintenanceBillingAdministrationMaintenanceBilling Call Control Connection Control Features Call Control Connection Control Features Common Channel Signaling Complex Common Channel Signaling Complex Switching Network Standards-Based Packet Infrastructure Layer (IP, ATM) Standards-Based Packet Infrastructure Layer (IP, ATM) Open Call Control Layer (SIP, H.323, MGCP, etc.) Open Call Control Layer (SIP, H.323, MGCP, etc.) Open Service Application Layer (JAIN, AIN, TAPI, JTAPI, XML etc.) Open Service Application Layer (JAIN, AIN, TAPI, JTAPI, XML etc.) Open/Standard Interface

4. 4 QoS – Quality of Service ITU-T E.800 Recommendation

5. 5 QoS – Quality of Service ITU-T E.800 Recommendation

6. 6

7. 7 Hierarchical QoS Customer # 1 VLAN VoIP VideoConf VideoStream Data p1 Internet Data p2 Cust 1 Cust 2 Cust 3 Cust 4 Cust n MPLS VPN Internet GigE 10 GigE MPLS Tunnel

8. 8 Physical Layer - I. Photonic Path Multiplex Section Regen. Section STM-N Signal Light Pulse VC and MS Overhead Payload and Path Overhead Terminal Regenerator Optical Conversion Terminal Map internal signal and RS OH into STM-N signal Map Payload and Path OH into VC Map VC and MS OH into internal signal Services (E1, E2, E3, E4, Video, etc.) Regen. Section Physical Layers

9. 9 S T M 1 9 columns261 columns 270 columns VC Capacity Section overhead (SOH) 1st 2nd Order of transmission

10. 10 125 μsec 9 Rows Section Overhead 270 x N Columns 9xN Columns STM-N VC capacity STM-N frame

11. 11 Rate Hierarchy SDH Level Line Rate (Mbit/s) SPE Rate (Mbit/s) Optical Level Electrical Level STM-1OC-3STS-3 STM-4OC-12STS-12 STM-16OC-48STS-48 STM-64 155.52 622.08 2488.32 9953.28 OC-192STS-192 STM-256 39813.12 150.336 601.344 9621.504 38486.016 OC-768STS-768 SONET 2405.376

12. 12 Uni- and Bi-directional –Only working traffic is shown –Subnetwork (path) or multiplex section switching for protection A CE BF D Uni-directional Ring (1 fiber) C-A A-C A CE BF D Bi-directional Ring (2 fibers) C-A A-C

13. 13 Synchronization in Voice Networks Network Clock Asynchronous transport network uses pulse stuffing and is transparent to E1 timing DS0 Switch CB E1 M14 LTCBLT E4prop.E4E1 E4prop.E4E1 M14 0.000001 ppm LT f1 20ppm f2 20ppm f3 20ppm f4 20ppm f5 20ppm f6 20ppm

14. 14 Timing distribution is done using embedded E1 facility Asynchronous transport network is transparent to E1 timing Synchronization Distribution Network Clock (Stratum 1) DS0 Switch CB E1 M14 20ppm LTCBLT E4prop.E4E1 E4prop.E4E1 M14M13 0.000001 ppm 20ppm LT Dedicated Timing E1

15. 15 SDH used in point-point configuration Direct replacement for async transport SDH terminals free-run at 20ppm. Not network synchronized. No pointer adjustments so no issues with E1/E4 mapping jitter ! f1 20ppm f2 20ppm f3 20ppm f4 20ppm f5 20ppm f6 20ppm Network Clock (Stratum 1) DS0 Switch CB E1 M14 CBLT E4STM-16E4E1 E4prop.E4E1 M14 0.000001 ppm SDH NE SDH NE Initial SDH Deployments

16. 16 B C D F A G E Router Mesh Topology Networks Cross-Connects are nxn switches Interconnects S D H streams

17. 17 1 2 3 22      23 24 Write slots in order of arrival Read slots according to connection permutation 24 23 12 Time-slot interchange 24 23 12 abc db a dc a b c d … … Time-Slot Interchange (TSI) Write bytes from arriving TDM stream into memory Read bytes in permuted order into outgoing TDM stream Max # slots = 125  sec / (2 x memory cycle time) Incoming TDM stream Outgoing TDM stream

18. 18 Links http://www.packetizer.com/ttp://www.packetizer.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VoIP http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPLS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_Digita l_Hierarchy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCM http://www.juniper.net/solutions/literature/soluti onbriefs/160019.pdf