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SONET / SDH Nirmala Shenoy Information Technology Department

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Presentation on theme: "SONET / SDH Nirmala Shenoy Information Technology Department"— Presentation transcript:

1 SONET / SDH Nirmala Shenoy Information Technology Department
Rochester Institute Technology updated 1/2002

2 SONET / SDH Scope What is SONET/SDH – features Signal hierarchy
Topologies SONET components Layers Frames Virtual tributaries updated 1/2002

3 SONET / SDH What is SONET / SDH?
Synchronous Optical Network – ANSI (US) Synchronous Digital Hierarchy –ITU-T Europe Similar and compatible A standard to be used for fibre optics Recommendation for FOTS equipment Fibre Optic Transmission Systems Can carry incompatible DS-0, DS1 (Asyn) updated 1/2002

4 SONET / SDH What is SONET / SDH? Single reference clock Predictability
synchronize transmissions Predictability Powerful frame – Transmission envelope Multiplex channels Multiplexed transport mechanism Optical based Carrier System updated 1/2002

5 SONET / SDH What is SONET / SDH? Self healing ring topology
Consolidate and segregate traffic from different end-points Extensive integrated OAM&P Backward compatibility updated 1/2002

6 SONET / SDH Signal Hierarchy STS – Synchronous Transport Signals
support a certain base data rate Mbps STS 1 – STS 192 – different hierarchies Corresponding carrier System Optical Carrier – OC-1, OC-3, OC-12, OC-48 SDH – STM – Synchronous Transport Module STM 1 = STS 3 updated 1/2002

7 SONET / SDH Sonet/SDH rates STS 1 OC-1 51.840 STS-3 OC-3 155.520 STM-1
updated 1/2002

8 SONET / SDH Configuration updated 1/2002

9 SONET / SDH SONET topology updated 1/2002

10 SONET / SDH Multiplexing updated 1/2002

11 SONET / SDH SONET Devices STS Multiplexer
Multiplexes and de-multiplexes signals from multiple sources Path terminating equipment Maps user payload into standard frame Header goes end-to-end as part of Synchronous Payload Envelope - SPE updated 1/2002

12 SONET / SDH SONET Devices Add /Drop Multiplexer
Adds signals from different sources/removes Uses header address information to identify stream and remove Line terminating Equipment Performs multiplexing, synchronization, APS updated 1/2002

13 SONET / SDH SONET Devices Regenerator
Repeater – improves signal quality Operations – include layer 2 Frame alignment, scrambling, error monitoring Section terminating equipment updated 1/2002

14 SONET / SDH Section Line Path Layers – likewise – path, line, section
Connects two neighboring devices Line Connects two multiplexers (STS , Add/Drop) Path Connects two STS Mux/demux Layers – likewise – path, line, section updated 1/2002

15 SONET / SDH SONET layers updated 1/2002

16 SONET / SDH Photonic layers – phy Specs for optical fiber channel
NRZ encoding used Power level Wavelength Pulse shape updated 1/2002

17 SONET / SDH Section layer Frames – identifies beginning of frame
Scrambling – introducing 1’s to derive clock error monitoring – section level Adds 9 bytes to header – frame size 810 bytes Provided at all devices updated 1/2002

18 SONET / SDH Line layer Locates partial payload – virtual tributaries
Provides frequency justification, bit stuffing To adjust to clocking from different systems Does APS Adds 18 bytes to header Provided at the STS Mux and Add/Drop Mux updated 1/2002

19 SONET / SDH Path layer Converts to optical signals and back to electromagnetic Adds 9 bytes to header - is part of SPE Defines the payload being carried End-to-end path control Support virtual tributaries Provided at the STS Mux updated 1/2002

20 SONET / SDH SONET STS-1Frame updated 1/2002

21 SONET / SDH SONET Frame Matrix of nine rows – 90 octets each
First 3 columns (octets) – three rows section overhead – 9 bytes Next 6 rows – line overheads – 18 bytes Rest of the frame – Synchronous Payload Envelope – SPE – 9 bytes of path overheads updated 1/2002

22 SONET / SDH first column in SPE – path overhead updated 1/2002

23 SONET / SDH Section overhead
Alignment bytes (A1 & A2)– framing and synchronization – pattern F628hex Identification byte (C1)–unique id for the STS-1 frame Parity byte (B1) Order-wire byte (E1)– bytes in consecutive frames – form a communication channel between regenerators updated 1/2002

24 SONET / SDH Section overhead
User’s byte (F1)– bytes in consecutive frames form a channel for user needs at the section level Management bytes (D1, D2 and D3)- 3 bytes per frame in consecutive frames = 192 kbps for OAM updated 1/2002

25 SONET / SDH Line Overhead
Pointer bytes (H1, H2, H3)– 3 bytes – identify location of the payload Line Parity byte (B2) Automatic Protection Switching bytes 2 bytes (K1, K2) – consecutive frames- 128 kbps channel to detect problems in multiplexers updated 1/2002

26 SONET / SDH Line Overhead
Data communication channel bytes (D4-D12) – consecutive frames – 576 kbps OAM at the line Growth bytes (Z1, Z2) – future use Orderwire byte (E2) – line level updated 1/2002

27 SONET / SDH Path Overhead
Path trace byte (J1) – bytes in consecutive frames – path tracking – verify connection Path parity byte (B3) Path signal label byte (C2) – path id – gives the construction details of the SPE Path Status byte (G1) –receiver communicates its status updated 1/2002

28 SONET / SDH Path Overhead
Path user channel byte (F2) user needs at path level Virtual tributary indicator (H4) –multi-frame indicator – payload not fitting into a frame Growth byte (Z3, Z4, Z5) – reserved updated 1/2002

29 SONET / SDH Virtual Tributaries Partial payload share a frame
The SPE has a number of tributaries VT1.5 = 8000 frames * 3 columns * 9 rows * 8 bits = Mbps DS-1 service VT2 = 8000 frames*4 columns*9 rows * 8 bits = Mbps CEPT-1 updated 1/2002

30 SONET / SDH Virtual Tributaries
VT3 = 8000 frames * 6 columns * 9 rows * 8 bits = Mbps DS-1C VT6 = 8000 frames*12 columns*9 rows * 8 bits = Mbps DS-2 updated 1/2002

31 SONET / SDH Summary A carrier system – optical carriers
Synchronous transmission - faster Time Division multiplexing High speed backbone Support for high bit rate applications? Add/Drop multiplexers Self healing rings updated 1/2002

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