1. Development of Tools for Risk Assessment and Risk Communication for Hydrogen Applications By Angunn Engebø and Espen Funnemark, DNV ICHS, Pisa 09. September 2005 Risk Assessment and Communication

2. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 Introduction Risk management and accidents Definitions… The Hydrogen Incident and Accident Database HIAD The use of data for Risk assessment, Improvement of safety and Demonstration of safety

3. Arabdrill 19

5. Piper Alpha; “the day after”

9. “Disasters…. happen when the decisions are made by people who cannot remember what happened last time” Daily Telegraph, 17 May 1990 “It might seem to an outsider that industrial accidents occur because we do not know how prevent them. In fact they occur because we do not use the knowledge that is available” Trevor Kletz KNOWLEDGE OF PAST ACCIDENTS

10. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 Managing RISK Controlling risk Being wise BEFORE the unwanted event Learning by one’s mistakes and… Learning by OTHERS’ mistakes

11. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 Managing RISK Controlling risk Being wise BEFORE the unwanted event Corporate learning Cross Sectorial learning

12. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 Disabling injury/Fatality Less serious injuries Material damage 1 Incident/“near-miss” accident 8 17 94 SYNERGI Database Incidents AND Accidents

13. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 How to prevent accidents Understanding how accidents occur –Initiation (Causes) –Propagation (Consequences) –Barriers (Safety functions) Implementing measures to prevent the initiation AND to limit the propagation

15. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 How to demonstrate safety Understanding how accidents occur Implementing measures to prevent the initiation AND to limit the propagation Demonstrating how the implemented measures will prevent recurrence of previous accidents TOOLS: Risk Assessment and Accident Data

16. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 What is Risk ? “the combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm” (ISO/IEC Guide 51)

17. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 What is Risk ? HAZARD ENVIRONMENT PROPERTY PEOPLE CONSEQUENCES PROBABILITY ACCIDENT RISK HARM

18. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 HAZID What is Risk Assessment and Risk Management ? What can go wrong? How often?How big? So what? What do I do?

19. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 Risk Assessment & Management What can go wrong? How often?How big? So what? What do I do? HAZID FREQUENCY ASSESMENT CONSEQUENCE ASSESMENT RISK ASSESSMENT RISK MANAGEMENT

20. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 Objectives of HySafe WP5 HIAD A common methodology and format for hydrogen accident/incident data collection and storage A tool for providing input to risk management and assessments A source for understanding hydrogen accident phenomena, scenarios and hazard potential Encourage and facilitatate industry partners to share experience

22. HIAD Hydrogen Incident & Accident Database HIAD Administration Pre-event conditions Nature of event Post-event actions Conse- quences of event References

23. HIAD Administration Index Information sources Dates of entry and last revision HIAD operator and data provider details

24. Pre-event conditions Date and time of event Weather conditions Geographical location Type of H2 application Operation phase or mode

25. Nature of event Systems and components affected or involved Chain of events Causal relations Relevant safety systems and emergency response Releases, fire and explosion specifications/details

26. Consequences of event Fatalities and injuries Property, environment and economical loss and damage; description and costs involved

27. Post-event actions Clean-up and restoration Legal/legislation initiatives Lessons learned Investments made

28. HIAD References Hyperlinks/references to files and documents, web-sites, etc. Specification of attachments, e.g. maps, drawings, photos, etc

29. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 Hazard Identification

30. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 Frequency Assessment Models – probabilistic Tools: Fault tree assessment Prerequisites: –Accident data/RAM data –”Exposure” data –Relevance/applicability –Amount of data  Improve Precision

31. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 Consequence Assessment What are the likely consequences ? Are the modelled consequences comparable to a real accident ? Tools : –Event Tree Analysis –Consequence models

32. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 Is the risk acceptable ? Are our employees exposed to a higher risk ? Are the measures implemented to protect our neighbours effective ? Do the neighbours feel safe ? Risk acceptance criteria under development in HySafe WP12 utilizing HIAD and other available accident and reliability data

33. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 What to do ? Managing risk Selecting effective preventive and mitigating measures Demonstration of safety: CREATE TRUST IN PUBLIC SAFE INTRODUCTION OF H2

34. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 Thanks to our HySafe partners WP 5 HIAD DNV JRC Air Liquide HSE/HSL INERIS Norsk Hydro TNO Volvo WP 12 RA methods –DNV –Norsk Hydro –CEA –FZK –HSE/HSL –INASMET –INERIS –JRC –Risø

35. ICHS, Pisa 8-10. September 2005 Thank you for your attention