1. Sustainable Energy Systems UNFCCC – Workshop on the preparation of the Fourth NC from Annex I Parties Dublin, 30/9-1/10 2004 Reporting on RTD and Systematic Observation Domenico Rossetti di Valdalbero Hartmut Behrend European Commission E-mail: Domenico.Rossetti-di-Valdalbero@cec.eu.int Hartmut.Behrend@cec.eu.int

2. Sustainable Energy Systems POLICY IMPLICATIONS EU research on climate change is increasingly policy- driven Important drivers for policy-related research Reaching the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC and the EU target under the Kyoto Protocol International co-operation with other Parties EU-US research co-operation Large contribution of EU research to IPCC assessment reports Close co-operation between European Commission DG, in particular between DG Research and DG Environment Opportunities for and free and open exchange of data will be highlighted Action plan for climate change in the context of development co-operation includes research as a key element (to be adopted by the European Council in November)

3. Sustainable Energy Systems A. GENERAL POLICY ON FUNDING OF RTD AND SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION Third largest EU policy in budgetary terms Scientific, technological and socio-economic issues Sustainable development and GHG reductions as a “leitmotiv” in the various EU RTD priorities Sixth RTD Framework Programme (FP6), major tool for building the European research Area EU Lisbon (competitiveness), Gothenburg (SD) and Barcelona (3% of GDP for RTD)

4. Sustainable Energy Systems FP6 € 17.5 B. FOR RTD 1 Genomics and biotechnology for health2 255 Advanced genomics and applications for health 1 100 Combatting major diseases1 155 Thematic PrioritiesBudget (MEuro) 2 Information Society technologies3 625 3 Nanotechnologies and nano-sciences, knowledge-base multifunctional materials, new production processes and devices1 300 4 Aeronautics and space1 075 5 Food quality and safety685 6 Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems2 120 Sustainable energy systems810 Sustainable surface transports610 Global change and ecosystems700 7 Citizens and governance in a knowledge-based society225 8 Specific activities covering a wider field of research1 300 Total13 345

5. Sustainable Energy Systems B. RESEARCH This chapter will be structured according to: l Climate processes and climate system studies l Modelling and prediction, including General Circulation Models l Impact of climate change l Socio-economic analysis, including impact and response options l R&D of mitigation and adaptation technologies RTD projects will be listed and most important results highlighted. This presentation lists the most important RTD initiatives.

6. Sustainable Energy Systems B. RESEARCH SD, GLOBAL CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEMS l Sustainable energy systems: clean energy, energy savings, alternative motor fuels, fuel cells, energy carriers/transport/storage l Sustainable surface transport: environmentally friendly transport, safety, interoperability l Global change and ecosystems: GHG emissions, water cycle, biodiversity and ecosystems, natural disasters, land management, climate observation, complementary research, cross-cutting issues

7. Sustainable Energy Systems SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS Clean energy, in particular renewables Cost effective supply Large scale integration Energy savings and energy efficiency Eco-buildings Polygeneration Alternative motor fuels Fuel cells, including their applications New technologies for energy carriers, particularly H2 New and advanced concepts in renewable energy technologies Capture and sequestration of CO2 Socio-economic tools and concepts for energy strategy

8. Sustainable Energy Systems SUSTAINABLE SURFACE TRANSPORT New technologies and concepts for all surface transport modes (road, rail and waterborne) Advanced design and production techniques Re-balancing and integrating different transport modes Increasing road, rail and waterborne safety and avoiding traffic congestion

9. Sustainable Energy Systems GLOBAL CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEMS Impact and mechanisms of GHG emissions and atmospheric pollutants on climate, ozone depletion and carbon sinks Water cycle, including soil-related aspects Biodiversity and ecosystems Mechanisms of desertification and natural disasters Strategies for sustainable land management, including coastal zones, agricultural land and forests Operational forecasting and modelling including global climatic change observation systems Complementary research Cross-cutting issue: SD concepts and tools

10. Sustainable Energy Systems GLOBAL CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEMS – Area 1 Carbon and nitrogen cycles: sources and sinks Atmospheric pollutants and their regional impacts Climate dynamics and variability Prediction of climate change and its impacts Stratospheric ozone and climate interactions Adaptation and mitigation strategies Environment and health

11. Sustainable Energy Systems CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES l Models: World and/or EU coverage, Energy, Economy and Environment interactions (POLES, GEM-E3, NEMESIS, MARKAL,…), focused on specific technologies (SAFIRE, GREEN-X for renewables or MURE for energy efficiency,…) l Externalities: Quantification of social and environmental damages (EXTERNE, GREENSENSE, METHODEX, NEEDS,…) l Social acceptability: Eurobarometer, Delphi methods, EASW,…

12. Sustainable Energy Systems OTHER EU RTD INITIATIVES Technology platforms for Hydrogen and Photovoltaic (to involve the main stakeholders and to catalyse substantial private investments) International Cooperation: CSLF, IPHE, JREC European Growth initiative: Proposal for H2 economy - «Quick-start » project: H2 production and electricity generation, and « hydrogen communities » by 2004- 2015 (€ 2.8 B) GMES: state and evolution of the global environment; support to EC EAP, to civil protection for prevention, monitoring and assessment of natural and man-made hazards, to EC Common Agricultural, Fisheries and Regional development policies, to development and humanitarian aid, EU CFSP

13. Sustainable Energy Systems OTHER EU RTD INITIATIVES Nanotechnologies: Horizontal”, “key” or “enabling technology” (10 -9 or tens of thousands smaller than a human hair) Environmental Technologies Action Plan (ETAP): to mobilise all stakeholders and to ensure that the EU takes a leading role in developing and applying ET Infrastructure: FP6 in Climate: Environmental reaction chambers, for studying athmospheric processes Experts in airborne measurements Remote sensing, satellites offer relevant information on the environment state and evolution in the world (OASIS) Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmospheric Research, including two rocket launches (ALOMAR)

14. Sustainable Energy Systems C. SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION Member States are in general responsible for systematic observation in their own territory European Commission is one of the 4 co-chairs of Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) is the most important contribution of Europe to GEOSS EU supports close co-ordination between GEOSS and Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) EU Joint Research Centre is the Global Atmospheric Watch regional data Centre on aerosol regional Stations Member States submit different data sets to the European Commission, like data on air quality

15. Sustainable Energy Systems CONCLUSIONS Researchers have a double role to play in the Climate Change issue: to provide the scientific basis and the new clean technologies Public authorities need to address and to support, for eg. by RTD, the public questions (air pollution, global warming,…) After the European Research Area, a World Research Area should tackle in a rigorous and scientific way the major global issues More information about EU RTD and policies: http://www.cordis.lu/en/home.html http://europa.eu.int