1. cdma2000 Air Interface Evolution Overview Dr. Edward Tiedemann (Qualcomm) Chair, 3GPP2 TSG-AC tsgac_chair@3gpp2.org

2. 3GPP2 Air Interface Evolution 9.6 & 14.4 kbps Circuit & Packet Data 2G 64 kbps Packet Data ~2x voice capacity 153.6 kbps FL/RL 3 cdma2000 1x Rev 0 3G 2.4 Mbps FL packet channel 2.4 Mbps FL 153 kbps RL BCMCS 3.1 Mbps FL 1.8 Mbps RL packet channel BCMCS 200020042006 3.1 Mbps FL 1.8 Mbps RL BCMCS 1 Multi-carrier N x 4.9 Mbps FL 2 N x 1.8 Mbps RL IS-95-B 2002 IMT-2000 Technologies: MC-CDMA cdma2000 1x Rev A 307.2 kbps FL/RL 3 ~3-4x voice capacity increase Higher data capacity 1999 2000 2002 20042009 cdma2000 1x Rev B cdma2000 1x Rev C cdma2000 1x Rev D cdma2000 1x Rev E HRPD Rev 0 HRPD Rev A HRPD Rev B IS-95-A HRPD: High Rate Packet Data (EV-DO) N: Number of Carriers 1x Rev C and Rev D are 1xEV-DV Enhanced rate adaptation CCSH 4 1: Enhanced OFDM-based BCMCS 2: 4.9 Mbps per FL carrier with 64-QAM, 3.1 Mbps with 16-QAM 3: One supplemental channel 4: CCSH: Code combining soft handoff 2 HRPD Rev C Smart Networks FL-MIMO-OFDM RL-MIMO N=3  FL: 14.7/9.3 Mbps, RL: 5.4 Mbps 2010 cdma2000 1x Rev F 2012 M2M enhancements (see separate presentation)

3. cdma2000 1x Enhancements 3

4. Increased Data Capacity with 1x-Adv Where EV-DO is Not Available Voice Capacity Data Capacity  Up to 3x data capacity increase with 1x Advanced 4x* 3x 1X Rev 0 1X Rev E (1x Advanced) More Data More Voice * Capacity increase possible with new codec (EVRC-NW), handset interference cancellation, and receive diversity; 3x without receive diversity; over cdma2000 Rev 0 and EVRC service option 3  1x Advanced: combination of 1x Rev E and EVRC NW 4

5. 1x Advanced Frees Up Spectrum for Data Same voice capacity in one-quarter the spectrum Freed-up spectrum can be used for HRPD data cdma2000 Rev 01X Advanced HRPD 5

6. Up to 70% Increase in 1x Coverage Capacity and Coverage Tradeoff Notes: Coverage is defined as the maximum area with less than 1% of the users in outage; Assumptions : 3GPP2 simulation frame work, embedded sector, with all the 1X Advanced new RC, receive diversity, FL and RL Interference cancellation.. Based on Qualcomm simulations. Up to 4x more capacity with same coverage as 1x Rev 0 Up to 70% larger coverage area with same capacity as 1x Rev 0 x 4x x 1x Advanced 1X Rev 0 6

7. Brief Overview of 1x-Advanced Enhancements Efficient Source Coding with non-critical 1/8 rate packets EVRC-NW* Reduces Forward Link Interference FL IC** Efficient Voice Signal Transmission 1/8 th Rate Blanking* Reduced Rate Commands on Forward & Reverse Links Power Control* Increases Traffic Demodulation Performance Frame Early Termination* Cancels interference from QOF used to increase code space Enhanced FL IC** Reduce intra-cell and inter-cell interference RL IC** Increasing Frame Eb/Nt Mobile Receive Diversity (MRD)** Reduce Required Power Increase Voice Capacity 1x-Advanced New Features *Part of 3GPP2 1x Rev. E and EVRC-NW (DTX) **Implementation dependent 7 QOF: Quasi Orthogonal Functions IC: Interference cancellation

8. EVRC Family of Speech Codecs EVRC 8.3 kbps SO3 C.S0014 First codec standard EVRC SO3 C.S0014-A Interoperable bug fixing All are variable rate AADR: Active average data rate SO: Service Option NB: Narrowband WB: Wideband NW: Narrowband/Wideband Regular is the same as narrowband Bit exact code (C.R0014) Minimum Performance Specifications (C.S0018) Electro-Acoustic Recommended MPS (C.S0056, C.R0056) Wide Audio BW EVRC-WB 7.4 kbps SO70 C.S0014-C Superior wideband voice quality AADR not higher than EVRC EVRC-NW 3.5-8.3/7.4 kbps SO73 C.S0014-D Combined NB and WB Codec CS DTX: additional Capacity gain 8 Regular Audio BW EVRC-B 3.5-8.3 kbps SO68 C.S0014-B AADR Dynamically Controlled Up to 40% Capacity gain over EVRC

9. Better Voice Quality for Similar Capacity Voice Capacity Voice Quality 1x Advanced (EVRC-NW (WB)) 1x Rev 0 (EVRC) x3.5x4x 1x Advanced (EVRC-NW (NB)) Higher Voice Quality for similar capacity 9

10. HRPD (EV-DO) Enhancements 10

11. HRPD Rev B and C Features HRPD Revision B –Multi-carrier (up to 20 MHz) –Higher peak rates (64-QAM) –Battery life enhancements Quick Paging Channel DTX and DRX –Flexible Duplex Band Support –Increased MAC Indices –Greater H-ARQ granularity –Emergency Call Support 11 HRPD Revision C (“DO Advanced”) –Upper layer enhancements Network Load Balancing Single-Carrier Multilink Connection Less data transfer TDM’d connections Multi-AT page message Application-Layer Air-Link Encryption Emergency Alerts Femto-cell support Support for Priority services –Physical layer enhancements FL MIMO-OFDM FL OFDMA Higher RL data rates RL MIMO Closed-Loop MTD (AT side only) –Benefits Increased network capacity, number of simultaneous connections, sector capacity and peak data rates, especially in hotspot and re-use scenarios. Improved user experience Benefits new and existing devices.

12. Smart Networks Exploit Typically Unevenly Loaded Networks Network loading continuously changes with time and location Fully loaded sectors are usually surrounded by lightly loaded neighbors Heavy Load Medium Load Light Load 12

13. Smart Networks Increase Network Capacity and User Experience, Where & When Needed Improvement depends on deployment, demand distribution and implementation. Apart from the above, Adaptive Frequency Reuse (aka Demand Matched Configuration) is also another Smart Network technique. Network Load Balancing Utilizing unused capacity of lightly loaded neighbors Smart Carrier Management Assigning carriers based on accurate load and location Distributed Network Scheduler Users preferentially served by carriers that maximize capacity Single Carrier Multi-Link Leveraging multicarrier devices in single-carrier networks Can double network capacity and cell-edge data rates Carrier# 1 Carrier # 2 High Load Low Load 13

14. DO Advanced Performance Improvement - Example Note: The performance shown is for users in the central cells (with 2x load). The increase depends on deployment, demand distribution and implementation Relative Sector Load: Sample Cluster with Uneven Load x 2x -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 -1.5 Dist. in km Improved Performance During Loaded Conditions 14

15. Source: Qualcomm simulations. Assumes 1 single carrier macro, with 2 double carrier picocells. Picocells are randomly placed in the network. The data loading ratio of 4:1 between high-demand and low-demand areas Macro (1 Carrier)  DO Advanced techniques applied to networks with microcells, picocells, etc. 1X Macro Network Capacity (DL) Picocell (2 carrier) 1.7X Macro + Pico DO Advanced 3.3X (Macro + Pico) DO Advanced Optimizes Performance of Heterogeneous Networks 15 Picocell (2 carrier)

16. Enhanced Connection Management  Supports more interactive users such as “push-pull” mobile e-mail  Efficient use of paging and access channels  Better traffic congestion management Enhanced Connection Management  Improved “Always ON” experience  Improved battery life  Better user experience even during congestion Higher Connection - Capacity Better user Experience 16

17. Thank You! For more information, please visit http://www.3gpp2.org.http://www.3gpp2.org 17 LINKS About 3GPP2 Partners Members Committees Specifications Procedures News/Events Contact us How to join Related Links

18. cdma2000 ® is the trademark for the technical nomenclature for certain specifications and standards of the Organizational Partners (OPs) of 3GPP2. Geographically (and as of the date of publication), cdma2000 ® is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA-USA) in the United States. 18

19. Backup Slides 19

20. EVRC Family of Codecs Mode Structures EVRC (SO3) EVRC-B (SO68 ) EVRC-WB (SO70) EVRC-NW (SO73) Higher Capacity Gain (Lower Average Data Rate) EVRC-B >> EVRC EVRC-B >> EVRC-WB > EVRC EVRC-B = EVRC-NW (NB Modes) >> EVRC EVRC-WB = EVRC-NW (WB Mode) with RC3/RC4 EVRC-NW with DTX over RC8/RC11 > EVRC-NW with RC3/RC4 Higher Capacity Gain (Lower Average Data Rate) EVRC-B >> EVRC EVRC-B >> EVRC-WB > EVRC EVRC-B = EVRC-NW (NB Modes) >> EVRC EVRC-WB = EVRC-NW (WB Mode) with RC3/RC4 EVRC-NW with DTX over RC8/RC11 > EVRC-NW with RC3/RC4 COP0 COP4 COP0 COP7 COP2 COP3 COP4 COP5 COP6 COP7 COP0 COP1 COP2 COP3 COP4 COP5 COP6 COP7 COP1 Vocoder Hard Handoff via SO Negotiation Vocoder Frame Interop via Service Option Control Message Negotiation is Possible Wideband Mode Narrowband Modes DTX Eighth-Rate Smart Blanking on RC8/RC11 20 SO: Service Option COP: Capacity Operating Point

21. HRPD Revision 0 –2.4 Mbps Forward Link –153.6 kbps Reverse Link –Multiple Personalities –RL silence interval and Busy bit High-level Features – HRPD HRPD Revision B –Multi-carrier (up to 20 MHz) –Higher peak rates (64-QAM) –Battery life enhancements Quick Paging Channel DTX and DRX –Flexible Duplex Band Support –Increased MAC Indices –Greater H-ARQ granularity –Emergency Call Support HRPD Revision A –3.1 Mbps Forward Link –1.8 Mbps Reverse Link –QoS for Multiple Flows –VoIP –RL MAC Enhancements –Dynamic Slot Cycle Index –Support for BCMCS –Fast Cell Selection –Reverse link Hybrid ARQ –Generic Attribute Update Protocol 21

22. Upper layer enhancements –Network Load Balancing –Single-Carrier Multilink –Connection Less data transfer –TDM’d connections –Multi-AT page message –Application-Layer Air-Link Encryption –Emergency Alerts –Femto-cell support –Support for Priority services Physical layer enhancements –FL MIMO-OFDM –FL OFDMA –Higher RL data rates –RL MIMO –Closed-Loop MTD (AT side only) HRPD-Revision C (DO-Advanced) Benefits –AN protocol upgrades at for substantial increase in Network Capacity and user experience Enhanced performance for both existing and new devices –Increase number of simultaneous connections –Improved user experience everywhere in network –Higher Sector Capacity –Higher peak data rates for hot- spots and re-use scenarios 22