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Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.

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Presentation on theme: "Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chemical Signals in Animals

2 A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by endocrine glands (“ductless glands”) May affect whole body or only target cells Important for maintaining homeostasis.

3 Chemical Signals in Animals Nervous system and endocrine system are very closely interrelated Some hormones are secreted by nerve cells Some act as both hormones and neurotransmitters.

4 Homeostasis Blood calcium level

5 Homeostasis rises Blood calcium level

6 Homeostasis rises Blood calcium level

7 Homeostasis calcitonin rises Blood calcium level

8 Homeostasis calcitonin rises lowers Blood calcium level

9 Homeostasis calcitonin rises lowers Blood calcium level drops

10 Homeostasis calcitonin rises lowers Blood calcium level drops

11 Homeostasis calcitonin rises lowers Blood calcium level drops parathyroid hormone (PTH)

12 Homeostasis calcitonin rises lowers Blood calcium level raises drops parathyroid hormone (PTH)

13 Homeostasis insulin rises lowers Blood glucose level raises drops glucagon

14 Homeostasis The thyroid makes thyroxin (T4), which controls metabolic rate and other functions. T4

15 Homeostasis Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is made by the anterior pituitary. T4 TSH

16 Homeostasis TSH releasing hormone (TRH) is made by the hypothalamus. T4 TSH TRH

17 Homeostasis A buildup of T4 signals the hypothalamus to stop making TRH. T4 TSH TRH

18 Homeostasis A buildup of TSH does the same thing. T4 TSH TRH

19 Hormonal Signals Some are local and affect only neighboring cells. These are broken down within seconds Tropic hormones affect other endocrine glands Pheromones affect other organisms Receptors can be on the cell surface or intracellular.

20 Some Important Glands Hypothalamus & pituitary Control of other glands, Growth (GH) Menstruation & lactation Many other functions.

21 Some Important Glands Pineal Biological rhythms Thyroid & Parathyroid Homeostasis (calcitonin & PTH) Pancreas Blood glucose (insulin & glucagon).

22 Some Important Glands Adrenal Stress (epinephrine & norepinephrine) Gonadal Androgens, estrogen, progestin.

23 Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

24

25 hypothalamus pituitary uterus menstruation follicle

26 POSITIVE FEEDBACK GnRH hypothalamus pituitary follicle uterus

27 POSITIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH hypothalamus pituitary follicle uterus

28 POSITIVE FEEDBACK thickens GnRH FSH & LH estrogen hypothalamus pituitary follicle uterus

29 POSITIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen hypothalamus pituitary follicle uterus estrogen thickens

30 POSITIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen hypothalamus pituitary follicle uterus estrogen thickens

31 POSITIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen hypothalamus pituitary follicle uterus thickens

32 POSITIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen hypothalamus pituitary follicle uterus thickens

33 POSITIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen hypothalamus pituitary follicle uterus thickens

34 POSITIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen hypothalamus pituitary follicle uterus thickens

35 POSITIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen hypothalamus pituitary follicle uterus thickens

36 POSITIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen hypothalamus pituitary follicle uterus thickens

37 POSITIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen Ovulation ! hypothalamus pituitary uterus thickens

38 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen corpus luteum hypothalamus pituitary uterus

39 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen corpus luteum ovum hypothalamus pituitary uterus

40 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen corpus luteum ovum hypothalamus pituitary uterus

41 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen & progesterone hypothalamus pituitary uterus ovum corpus luteum

42 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen & progesterone hypothalamus pituitary uterus develops endometrium ovum corpus luteum

43 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen & progesterone Stop! hypothalamus pituitary uterus develops endometrium ovum corpus luteum

44 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen & progesterone Stop! hypothalamus pituitary uterus develops endometrium ovum corpus luteum

45 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen & progesterone Stop! hypothalamus pituitary uterus develops endometrium ovum corpus luteum

46 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen & progesterone hypothalamus pituitary uterus ovum corpus luteum

47 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK GnRH FSH & LH estrogen & progesterone hypothalamus pituitary uterus menstruation ovum corpus luteum

48 BACK TO THE BEGINNING GnRH hypothalamus pituitary follicle uterus menstruation

49 Vocabulary Review hormone endocrine target cells homeostasis calcitonin PTH insulin glucagon tropic hormone pheromone hypothalamus pituitary thyroid pancreas adrenal gonadal

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