1. 1 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola Connecting The Future’03: Why IPv6 Will Find Its way Into Your Home Roger Kermode, Ph.D. Distinguished Member of the Technical Staff, Manager, Sydney Networks Research Lab Motorola Australia Research Centre

2. 2 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola Today: Network  Device  Service / Application Devices Separate Data /Video /Voice Networks Broadband Modem  Essentially a bit remodulator  DOCSIS/xDSL to Ethernet/USB Gateway (maybe part of Modem)  Almost certainly has NAT  Configuration required on a per protocol basis Some Wireless, mostly wired Applications Assumption of asymmetric traffic  Works well for email and web surfing Sessions initiate inside the home  Assumption that human starts session  Doesn’t work well for –automated devices –multiplayer games HFC Network Internet POTs/DSL Network GPRS / 3G Network NAT / FW

3. 3 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola Intelligent Home If I only had a brain… © Motorola 2002

4. 4 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola Tomorrow: The Connected Home Devices Converged Networks Broadband Modem(s) + Gateway IP now embedded into all devices  Computers, Entertainment  Command & Control Pervasive use of Wireless  Bluetooth and 802.11 variants Applications Traffic is much more symmetric  File Sharing (audio and video)  Game playing Sessions start outside as well as inside the home  Things talking to things  Home Automation Home Information & Entertainment Network Access Network Information delivery to car Audio Services Enhanced Voice: Mobility Videophone Multi-room video Interactive gaming Instant messaging Broadband Video Services Mobile access Home monitoring Home automation Broadband Data Service Consumer has access to what they want, when they want it, where they want it

5. 5 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola Yankee Group, Home Networking Survey July 2002 82% of networked households cited Internet sharing as the primary reason for installing a home network, followed by printer sharing as the second most prevalent application with 56% of networked homes. 51% of online consumers with a home network have more than 2 PCs connected. 86% of networked homes are connecting a printer to the PCs in the home, with over three-quarters of networked households sharing an Internet connection. Only a third of online households have a PC and TV in the same room, and less than 5% of homes have a set-top box and PC in the same room. 64% of respondents interested in installing a network want to stream video across devices in the home. 73% of households interested in home networking would find it useful to remotely access files stored on the home PC.

6. 6 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola Home Networking Growth Key Home Networking Trends Increasing Convergence  Web/Email (data)  Entertainment (video)  Phones (voice) Wireless Connectivity Device Oriented Networking Worldwide Total Broadband Access Subscribers Source: Instat/MDR, June 2002 US Market (total in millions) Source: Kagan, Parks (2001, 2003), Forrester May 2002

7. 7 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola How do we get from today to tomorrow? Technical Issues Converging the separate networks for Video, Audio, and Data  VoIP and video require QoS Net-enabling devices without adding wires  Wireless –Bluetooth, Bluetooth 2, 802.11 b/a/g which flavor should you use? –Security? –Wide area Mobility  Powerline –May be necessary for video due to Wireless cacophony Convergence of Commercial and Personal Data Access  Music  Photos  Video Consumer (Business) Issues Value proposition  “Do I really need this?”  “What can I do now that I couldn’t do before?” –Applications and Services must be noticeably better/easier to use or impossible to realise with IPv4 Cost  “You want me to pay how much?!”  “I already pay $X why should I pay more?” –Cheap, cheap, cheap!! Obsolescence  “I only just bought my last year and now I need a new one to upgrade this one feature?” –Balance between functionality and price

8. 8 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola IPv4 vs IPv6: What it does for you IPv4 Home Fundamental architectural element is the NAT NATs break end-to-end connectivity NATs require the deployment of ALGs for each new application  HTTP becomes the de facto transport std  SIP becomes the de facto signaling std NATS provide security through obscurity IPv6 provides a whole bunch of New and Improved Features Addressing (128 vs 32 bits)  More of them  no more need for NATs, fundamental change to Home networking architecture  Relieves perceived pressure on IPv4 Better support for…  Security (IPSec  AH, ESP)  Mobility (MIPv6)  QoS  Stateless Autoconfiguration  Router Renumbering  Multihoming Geoff will talk in more detail features and how they differ from IPv4 Single/Few Public IP Address(es) Multiple Private IP Address(es)

9. 9 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola What’s needed to make IPv6 Happen in Your Home? Standards Protocol Definitions Specifications Device Support Implementations Multiple Platforms Customer Pull Value proposition User MUST see clear benefit Network Support Infrastructure upgrades Where, what, and how depends on transition mechanism used Standards Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)  has been working on IPv6 for many many many years…and still is!  Active Working Groups –ipv6 »Standardisation & specification of IPv6 –mip6 »Mobile IPv6 –multi6 »Multihoming for IPv6 –v6ops »IPv6 Operations »Develop guidelines for deployment and management of Ipv6 »Handle transition from IPv4 to IPv6

10. 10 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola Device Support for IPv6 Operating Systems Windows XP  IPv6 ships in WinXP  Needs to be turned on manually  Will be on by default with Longhorn  Includes multiple transition mechanisms MAC  IPv6 ships with Jaguar OS X  Turned on by default BSD  Mature open source stack LINUX  Several versions USAGI from Japan  Hopefully better support in 2.6 version of kernel… Embedded  WindRiver (VxWorks) Consumer Standards So many to choose from, lets make another über-standard Digital Home Working Group (http://www.dhwg.org)http://www.dhwg.org  Vision –“Members of the Digital Home Working Group (DHWG) share a vision of a wired and wireless interoperable network of Personal Computers (PC), Consumer Electronics (CE) and mobile devices in the home enabling a seamless environment for sharing and growing new digital media and content services.”  Charter –“DHWG is focused on delivering an interoperability framework of design guidelines based on open industry standards to complete the cross- industry digital convergence.”

11. 11 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola Digital Home Working Group Schedule IPv6 UPnP Arch v2 DRM/CP Interoperability Physical Network Network Protocol Device Discovery and Control Media Transports Media Formats Digital Rights Management/ Content Protection 200420052006+ Candidates for DHWG Technologies Core DHWG Principles: Open, Fair, Interoperable Disclaimer: Some of the formats/standards referenced above are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Under Consideration in DHWG Required: PNG, JPEG, LPCM, MPEG2 Optional: GIF, TIFF, MP3, WMA9, AC-3, AAC, ATRAC3plus, MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4, WMV9 DRM/CP Technologies IPIPv4 UPnP Arch v1 Ethernet UPnP DCP AVv1 HTTP Wired 802.3u Wireless 802.11a/b/g Future Potential Technologies JPEG2K, MPEG4 DHWG Media Formats Wireless 802.11e/i Source: http://www.dhwg.org

12. 12 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola Geographic Support for IPv6 USA: First Mover Advantage for Internet, Lots of IPv4 Addresses, Lots of installed IPv4 Infrastructure, Many Mobile Phone Standards No Immediate Need for IPv6 China/India: Developing Nations, Very Few IPv4 Addresses, Just Installing IP Infrastructure now, IPv6 provides enough addresses to meet future needs China/India: Developing Nations, Very Few IPv4 Addresses, Just Installing IP Infrastructure now, Fast growing economies / Mobile Phone usage IPv6 needed to provide enough address Europe: Developed Nations, Not as many IPv4 Addresses as USA, Fair amount IP Infrastructure, Leaders in Mobile Telephony Capabilities IPv6 provides means to differentiate from USA

13. 13 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola Intra Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)  draft-ietf-ngtrans-isatap-15.txt  Idea: Use IPv4 internet as a link layer for IPv6 to provide IPv6 connectivity for dual stack devices in IPv4 only networks –Client locates ISATAP capable router using IPv4 anycast or some other automated tunneling mechanism –Client tunnels to IPv6-capable site border router for access to native IPv6 clients using IP-in-IP –Client tunnels directly to other IPv6 clients using IP-in-IP  Is being deployed today in WinXP –Does not work behind NAT e.g. ::5EFE:140.23.34.45 64-bit Global/Local Unicast Prefix 32-bit ISATAP EUI- 64 modifier 0000:5EFE 32-bit IPv4 Device address ISATAP IPv6 Address Format V4/V6 Host 1 V4/V6 Host 2 IPv4 Only Internet ISATAP Router IPv6 Only Internet IPV4 Only Network with Public Addresses Home GW

14. 14 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola Teredo  http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/pro/ techinfo/administration/p2p/overview.asp http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/pro/ techinfo/administration/p2p/overview.asp  Problem: –NATs break any IPv4/IPv6 transition mechanism that rely directly on explicit global IPv4 address –IP-in-IP tunnels not supported by all NATs  Idea: Use UDP tunnels to enable NAT traversal –Server informs clients of prefix to use –Client establishes UDP tunnel to Teredo Relay (can traverse NAT)  Comments –Is used by Win XP apps that use the Windows P2P suite behind a NAT –Fairly complicated operation e.g. 3FFE:831F:140.45.32.34:8000:EC77:7C94:FFFE Teredo Address Format 32-bit Teredo Prefix 3FFE:831F 16-bit flags 32-bit Teredo Server IPv4 Address 32-bit Obscured External Address 16-bit Obsucred External Port Teredo Host 1 Teredo Host 2 IPv4 Only Internet IPv6 Only Internet Teredo Host Specific Relay IPV4 Private Home Network Home GW With NAT Teredo Relay Teredo Server

15. 15 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola 6to4  RFC3056, (also see RFC3068)  Idea: Create an IPv6 prefix using IPv4 address –IPv4 Gateway creates an IPv6 prefix using its address (usually assigned via DOCSIS or DSL) –Gateway tunnels to IPv6 router using the IPv4 6to4 anycast address –Devices in home can have globally unique IPv6 address  Comments –No need to modify hosts/clients –Simple Pull this from the Broadband Modem Generate this from the Device’s MAC addr 2002: e.g. 2002:140.45.32.34:BEEF: 6to4 Address Format V4/V6 Host 1 V4/V6 Host 2 IPv4 Only Internet 6to4 Relay Router IPv6 Only Internet Private IPV4 & Public IPV6 Home Network 6to4 Home GW with 6to4 Router 64-bit Host identifier 32-bit IPv4 GW addr 16-bit subnet ident 6to4 Prefix 0x2002

16. 16 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola IPv6 Home Clouds, No ISP Support needed!! Scenario: 6to4 in Home Residential Gateways Keep existing NAT and FW Value Proposition: Global Address for Each Device in the home File sharing becomes easy Outside-In Access to the Home Benefits Direct Home To Home connectivity No more NATs, no more application specific ALGs for IPv6 Apps No need to modify the ISP access network to support IPv6 Side Effects Increased Broadband Penetration Growth in P2P type applications Compare with IPv4 Only Alternative New ALG for each new Application Need Rendezvous Server to do outside in access 2002:104.11.12.13/48 router advertisement NAT-PT / TRT / proxy DNS proxy6to4 router IPv4/IPv6 home network Existing IPv4 Internet Native IPv6 Internet Other 6to4 homes

17. 17 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola Example Applications Video conferencing VoIP Direct Gaming P2P File Sharing Check a security cameraProgram a HiFi PVR 2002:11.22.33.44::café:d00d 2002:11.22.33.44::dead:beef 2002:22.33.44.55::d00f:d00f 2002:22.33.44.55::bead:babe 6to4 Home GW

18. 18 Copyright © 2003 by Motorola Info Access Intelligent Home I’m going to have a thousand brains … © Motorola 2002