1. December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 1 IPv6 The Next Generation Saroj Patil Nadine Sundquist Chuck Short CS622-F2007 University of Colorado, Colorado Springs Dr. C. Edward Chow

2. December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 2 IPv6 New Features New header format Larger address space Efficient and hierarchical addressing and routing infrastructure Stateless and stateful address configuration Built-in security – Authentication and Encryption New protocol for neighboring node interaction Extensibility – Add extension headers

3. December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 3 IPv6 Header

4. December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 4 IPv6 Addressing RFC 1884 : http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1884.txt http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1884.txt Three types – Unicast Packet delivered to a single interface. – Anycast Packet delivered to the nearest of a set of interfaces. – Multicast Packet delivered to all interfaces in a set. Note: Multicast supersedes Broadcast

5. December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 5 Unicast IPv6 Addresses Global Addresses: Equivalent of IPv4 addresses and are used in IPv6. Site-local Addresses: Deprecated by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Link-local Addresses: Equivalent of IPv5-based Automatic Private IP Addressing. Unique Local Addresses (local addresses): Replacement of Site-local Addresses. Address Selection Rules – Source and Destination Address Selection for IPv6 Source and Destination Address Selection for IPv6

6. December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 6 Addressing Formats Three formats – Preferred 8 (16 bit fields), hexedecimal, separated by colons (:) 1234:abcd:1234:abcd:1234:abcd:1234:abcd – Compressed Leading zeroes removed – abcd:0000:0000:0000:0bcd:0000:0000:0000 – abcd::bcd:0:0:0 – Transition IPv4- compatible IPv4-mapped

7. December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 7 IPv4 and IPv6 Dual IP Layer Architecture Dual Stack Architecture Windows Vista and Longhorn Windows Server 2003 and XP

8. December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 8 IPv6 over IPv4 Tunneling The IPv4 Protocol field is set to 41 to indicate an encapsulated IPv6 packet. The Source and Destination fields are set to IPv4 addresses of the tunnel endpoints.

9. December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 9 Tunnel Configuration Example

10. December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 10 Types of Tunnels Configured – Manual configuration of endpoints – Typically router-to-router Automatic – Intra-site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP) Used for unicast communication across an IPv4 Intranet. – 6to4 Used for unicast communication across the IPv4 Internet. – Teredo Used for unicast communication across the IPv4 Internet over network address translators (NATs). – IPv6 Automatic Tunneling Used for unicast communication across an IPv4 network that uses public IPv4 addresses. – 6over4 Used for unicast or multicast communication across an IPv4 Intranet.

11. December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 11 Migrating to IPv6 1.Upgrade your applications to be independent of IPv6 or IPv4. 2.Update the DNS infrastructure to support IPv6 address and PTR records. 3.Upgrade hosts to IPv6/IPv4 nodes. – Hosts must be upgraded to use a dual IP layer or dual IP stack. 4.Upgrade routing infrastructure for native IPv6 routing. 5.Convert IPv6/IPv4 nodes to IPv6-only nodes.

12. December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 12

13. December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 13 Lessons Learned Windows is more difficult than Fedora to configure as a router. ISATAP router useful if one has complete control of the IPv4 and IPv6 networks. Difficult to unbind Fedora VMWare MAC address. Difficult to create configuration manual due to conflicting and confusing instructions in the Internet community.

14. December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 14 Future Work Add a 6to4 Tunnel on the test network connected to the Internet. Step-by-step manual explaining how to configure Fedora Core 7 and Windows Server 2008 (“Longhorn”) in an IPv6 and IPv4 environment. Consistent instructions on how to configure a network that uses different types of tunneling.

15. December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 15 References http://www.ciscopress.com http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver/en/library/b2c271bf-abd1-4218-87a9- 176dcdd83b1b1033.mspx?mfr=true http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver/en/library/b2c271bf-abd1-4218-87a9- 176dcdd83b1b1033.mspx?mfr=true http://www.onclick.com/it275/2001/fall/frames.htm http://www.ip6.com/us/book/ http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1981.txt http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1884.txt http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2893.txt http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb726951.aspx http://download.microsoft.com/download/e/9/b/e9bd20d3-cc8d-4162-aa60- 3aa3abc2b2e9/IPv6.doc http://download.microsoft.com/download/e/9/b/e9bd20d3-cc8d-4162-aa60- 3aa3abc2b2e9/IPv6.doc Leon-Garcia, Alberto and Indra Widjaja. Communication Networks: Fundamental Concepts and Key Architectures. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York. 2004