1. EE 545 – BOGAZICI UNIVERSITY

2. Agenda Introduction to IP What happened IPv5 Disadvantages of IPv4 IPv6 Overview Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4 Questions - Answers 2

3. Introduction to IP new value IP – Internet Protocol First announced in 1970’s by IETF Network Layer Protocol Key element of Internet 3

4. Introduction to IP new value There are 6 versions of IP IP versions 0 to 3 were development versions of IPv4 and were used between 1977 and 1979 IPv4: 255.255.255.255 IPv6: FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF 4

5. What happened IPv5 new value Internet Stream Protocal (ST) was created to transmit video, audio, and simulations over the Internet in 1979 and called IPv5 Never really saw the light of day Operating on the same level as IP but using a different header format than that used for IP datagrams. 5

6. Disadvantages of IPv4 new value Number of IPv4 is 2^32 which is not sufficient for today’s world Mobility problem NAT (Network Address Translation) Causes; RTC (VoIP and Multimedia) problem Changing IPSec packets Peer to Peer problems (mstsc) 6

7. History of IPv6 new value Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) had found IPng (Internet Protocol, next generation) work group in 1990’s Industry professionals, universities and organisations worked together for 10 years. For last 5-6 years, the time of IPv6 launching was suspicious and only predictions But at 6 June 2012; 7

8. History of IPv6 new value IPv6 have really launched by major companies; 8

9. Headers of IPv6 and IPv4 new value 9

10. Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4 1 - Number of IP Adress new value Everything goes IP such as PDA, mobile phones, Tablet Computers, Washing Machines, Air Conditions, Security Systems Ipv4 has 2^32 IP address which is 4294967296 – around 4,2 billion Ipv6 has 2^128 IP address which is 340.282.366.920.938.463.463.374.607.431.768.211.456 - too much to read 10

11. Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4 2 - Security new value In the beginning of IPv4, security wasn’t thought so much Security mechanisms of IPv4 (IPSec, Authentication) are added lately However, IPv6 has IPSec mechanism embedded. 11

12. Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4 3 - Quality of Service (QoS) new value QoS mechanism provides priority for multimedia packets In IPv4, it is done on the network devices However, in IPv6, there is a field for QOS mechanism in the IPv6 header 12

13. Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4 4 - Autoconfiguration new value Address auto-configuration (address assignment) A router will send the prefix of the local link in its router advertisements. A host can generate its own IP address by appending its link-layer (MAC) address 13

14. Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4 5 - Mobility new value In IPv4, nodes have to take a different IP address for different networks However, in IPv6, it won’t matter where in the world a device goes, it can be contacted using the same global IP address 14

15. Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4 6 - Routing and Packet Processing new value In IPv6 networks, fragmentation is handled by the source device, rather than the router, this reduces router load. IPv6's contains no IP-level checksum, so the checksum does not need to be recalculated at every router hop, link-layer technologies and transport layers are already contain checksum and error-control capabilities. 15

16. Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4 7 - Multicast new value IPv6 supports multicast rather than broadcast It allows data to be sent only muliple destinations This saves network bandwith 16

17. Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4 8 - Peer-to-Peer Connections new value In IPv6, every device will have its own IP address This will allow people to have peer-to-peer connections Such as Remote Desktop Connections 17

18. Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4-Summary new value IPv4IPv6 Addresses are 32 bits (4 bytes) in length.Addresses are 128 bits (16 bytes) in length IPSec is optional and should be supported externally IPSec support is not optional Header does not identify packet flow for QoS handling by routers Header contains Flow Label field, which Identifies packet flow for QoS handling by router. Both routers and the sending host fragment packets. Routers do not support packet fragmentation. Sending host fragments packets Header includes a checksum.Header does not include a checksum. ARP uses broadcast ARP request to resolve IP to MAC/Hardware address. Multicast Neighbor Solicitation messages resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses. Configured either manually or through DHCP. Does not require manual configuration or DHCP. 18

19. Thank You ! 19