1. The Mine Water Project in Heerlen the Netherlands: development of a geothermal mine water pilot towards a full scale hybrid low exergy infrastructure Peter Op ‘t Veld, Bert Gilissen Huygen Engineers & Consultants Maastricht, the Netherlands

2. Content Mine Water Project as a pilot (1.0) Boundary conditions buildings Transitition to a versatile exergy based energy infrastructure (2.0) Further developments and research Conclusions

4. Distribution: Low temperature (‘lowex’) H&C distribution system the primary grid mine water 1.0 – started as a pilot in 2005

5. 2 Warm Wells 2 Cold Wells H C R Buildings Heerlerheide Centre HP 28 0 C 35…40 0 C 17 0 C20…24 0 C Intermediate Well Energy station Heerlerheide Centre 16…18 0 C Heerlerheide Heerlen CBS - APG - ARCUS Option: Regeneration of wells (by HP’s in buildings) Energy stations buildings

6. From a schematic approach to a LT H&C grid in practice Length 7 km Some decision parameters: Length op the grid (Type of) paving Drillings (road crossings) Existing infrastructures Impact on wells Flow directions Ecology Archaeology Soil (pollution) Permits Costs

7. Demand side: the buildings current connections to the grid

8. Heerlen location – Heerlerheide Centre (2005 – 2012) Location Heerlerheide Centre 312 apartments 3800 m2 commercial buildings 2500 m2 public and cultural buildings 11500 m2 health care buildings 2200 m2 educational buildings Energy station

9. CBS building: new office, 21.000m2 Completed and connected 2009 ABP building: retrofitting, office 40.000m2 Retrofitting completed, connected 2013 Arcus College: new school, 25.000m2 Completed and connected 2014 Heerlen Centre

10. Boundary conditions: What is “extra” needed to make a building minewater proof/lowex (NL)? See also IEA EBC Annex 49: www.annex49.infowww.annex49.info Building Reg’s NL Thermal insulation Envelope U = 0.37 Glazing U = 3.0 Ventilation No system requirements Air tightness n 50 = 3 Emission system No requirements HVAC system/efficiency No requirements (but in EPR) Energy Performance (EPC) dwellings 0.6 Practice 2014 NL Thermal insulation Envelope U = 0.26 Glazing U = 1,2 – 1,5 Ventilation 50% ME/50% MVHR Air tightness n 50 < 2 Emission system Radiators HVAC system/efficiency Condensing boilers η = 95% No cooling EPC dwellings 0.6 Mine water Lowex Thermal insulation Envelope U < 0.25 Glazing U < 1.2 Ventilation MVHR η = 95% Air tightness n 50 <1 Emission system Floor heating and cooling HVAC system/efficiency Mine water with heat pumps (boiler back up) Sustainable cooling EPC dwellings < 0.5

11. LowEx direct heating and cooling

12. Indirect heating and cooling

13. Optimization by using Load Duration Curves Dynamical buildings simulations (by TRNSYS) Temperature levels for heating, cooling and DHW Ratio RES (and HP) and conventional Balancing H and C storage Optimization transmission and ventilation losses and seasonal operation Enlarging the ‘dead-zone’ = period without H or C demand > conflict with energy exploitation and economical feasibility! (decrease of energy demand = decrease of profits)

14. Optimizing ratio RES/conventional by using a LD curve (location Heerlerheide) dead band

15. Towards Mine Water 2.0: Long term maximum use of geothermal underground for sustainable heating and cooling of buildings Energy exchange instead of energy supply:  Between buildings by cluster grids  Between clusters by the mine water grid  Using Exergy Principles Energy storage and regeneration of mine water reservoirs instead of depletion Enlargement hydraulic and thermal capacity mine water system Fully automatic control and demand driven: heat and cold supply at any time Addition of poly generation like Bio CHP, reuse of waste heat (data center; industry), closed greenhouse, cooling towers etc. > The mine water energy supply is the backbone for this

16. HLN2 HLN1 HLN3 HH1 HH2 Towards Mine Water 2.0 June 2013 CLUSTER B CBS- Maankwartier CLUSTER D Componenta-Otterveurdt CLUSTER A Arcus-APG CLUSTER C Weller HHC Return well HLN3 out of order Hot to Hot (HH2) Cold to Cold (HLN2) T hot supply 28˚C T cold supply 16˚C T hot return 28˚C T cold return 16˚C Injection wells HH2 and HLN2 bidirectional Cluster grids

17. Example ‘Cluster D’ CLUSTER D Componenta-Otterveurdt

18. Cluster D (north west Heerlen) Connections: –Iron foundry (industrial waste heat supply) –Swimming pool –Retail store –Community building/school ‘Hoovering grid’: grid with flexible temperatures –Heat: 29 – 50 0 C –Cold: 15 – 20 0 C Local storage at user level –Reduction capacity heat pumps in buildings –Reducing connected power, allowing more customers on the grid –Dealing with daily fluctations H&C demand (day T amplitude)

20. Scheme for standardized solution in cluster grids Mine water energy station Building energy station End user Storage for day amplitude DHW Cluster grid Heat pump(s)Heat exchangers

21. Further R&D towards general application in lowex infrastructures (TKI LowEx OLEC and IEA Annex 64)

22. Further R&D towards general application in lowex infrastructures

23. Conclusions  The Mine Water project in Heerlen upgraded from a pilot system to a smart grid in heating and cooling with full scale hybrid sustainable energy structure (Mine Water 2.0)  Cluster grids are a profound exergy based solution to provide energy exchange between buildings and use of waste heat  By poly generation and the application of cluster grids the capacity of the mine water grid can be strongly increased  Cluster grid applications are used in combination with low temperature geothermal sources (mine water) and can be applied in general with other sustainable heat and cold energy sources (e.g. waste heat from data centres and closed greenhouses)  Mine Water 2.0 proves that heat pump operation with low-ex heat sources can be commercial feasible  The technologies are general applicable for all types of exergy based energy infrastructure systems  It is the Quality of Energy and its Management that counts!