1. Reproduction Imaging Quiz Developed by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark Brims Approved by: Alison King & Maureen Bain Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund

2. Reproduction Imaging Quiz START! Developed by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark Brims Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund

3. Reproduction Imaging Male Male Reproduction Q1 Male Reproduction Q2 Female Female Reproduction Q3 Female Reproduction Q4

4. Male Reproduction Q1 (i) What is A? – Urinary Bladder Urinary Bladder – Prostate Prostate – Testis Testis (ii) What is B? – Penis Penis – Pelvic Urethra Pelvic Urethra – Spermatic Cord Spermatic Cord (iii) What is C? – Urinary Bladder Urinary Bladder – Prostate Prostate – Testis Testis (iv) What is D? – Os Penis Os Penis – Pelvic Urethra Pelvic Urethra – Penile Urethra Penile Urethra Canine – Contrast Injection A B C D Canine – Contrast injection - arteries

5. Correct Yes! A is the Urinary Bladder! It appears very white or radio- opaque on this image because radiographic contrast medium has been introduced into it. It is also not completely full which is why the walls appear irregular. Try (ii)! Choose a new question. Urinary Bladder Canine

6.  Incorrect  No, A is not the Prostate. The Prostate is not usually visible on x-rays. The Prostate surrounds the urethra as it exits the bladder - its location is shown by the circle. Try again! Choose a new question.

7.  Incorrect  No, A is not the Testis. The Testes are found outside the body expect when they have been retained in a condition called Cryptorchidism. Try again! Choose a new question. Feline Testes

8. Correct Yes! B is the Pelvic Urethra! The Urethra is not usually visible on x-rays. It appears very white or radio- opaque on this image because radiographic contrast medium has been introduced into it. It is continuous with the penile urethra Try (iii)! Choose a new question. Penile urethra

9.  Incorrect  No, B is not the Penis. The Root of the Penis is marked on this x-ray. Try again! Choose another question. Root of the Penis

10.  Incorrect  No, B is not the Spermatic Cord. The Spermatic Cord is not visible on x-rays as it is a soft tissue structure and is too small to be seen. Try again! Choose another question.

11. Correct Yes! C is the Testis! They are outside the body as gamete production is optimal below body temperature. Try (iv)! Choose a new question. Feline Testes

12.  Incorrect  No, C is not the Urinary Bladder. Remember: the Urinary Bladder is located within the abdomen! Try again! Choose a new question. Urinary Bladder Canine

13.  Incorrect  No, C is not the Prostate. Remember: The Prostate is not usually visible on x-rays. It surrounds the urethra as it exits the bladder - its location is shown by the circle. Try again! Choose a new question.

14. Correct Yes! D is the Os Penis! This structure is bone opacity and is therefore visible on x-rays. – Remember, only cats and dogs have an Os Penis! Try Male Reproduction Q2! Choose a new question. Os Penis

15.  Incorrect  No, D is not the Pelvic Urethra. Remember: The Pelvic Urethra is located within the pelvis and becomes the Penile Urethra once it enters the penis. The urethra is not visible on x- rays unless contrast medium has been introduced into it Try again! Choose a new question. Root of the Penis Pelvic Urethra Penile Urethra

16.  Incorrect  No, D is not the Penile Urethra. The Penile Urethra does run through this region but is not visible on x-rays unless contrast medium has been introduced into it. Try again! Choose a new question. Penile Urethra

17. Male Reproduction Q2 (i) What type of animal do you think A is from? – Carnivore Carnivore – Horse Horse – Ruminant/Boar Ruminant/Boar (ii) Part B is unique to these animals. What is it? – Sigmoid Flexure Sigmoid Flexure – Os Penis Os Penis (iii) What species is C? – Cat Cat – Dog Dog (iv) Is it male or female? – Male Male – Female Female Contrast Injection A B C

18. Correct Yes! A is from a Ruminant! Ruminants and Boars have Fibro-elastic penises; as opposed to Musculo-cavernous ones. Try (ii)! Choose a new question. Bovine Penis

19.  Incorrect  No, A is not from a Carnivore. Carnivores have Musculo-cavernous penises with an Os Penis. Try again! Choose a new question. Os Penis Canine

20.  Incorrect  No, A is not from a Horse. Horses have Musculo-cavernous penises like Carnivores but they do not have an Os Penis. Try again! Choose a new question.

21. Correct Yes! B is the Sigmoid Flexure. It is palpable caudal to the scrotum in life. Try (iii)! Choose a new question. Sigmoid Flexure Bovine

22.  Incorrect  No, B is not the Os Penis. Ruminants and Boars do not have an Os Penis. Only Carnivores do. Try again! Choose a new question. Os Penis Canine

23. Correct Yes! C is a Dog! Remember: the pelvis is more curved in shape in the dog than the cat. Try (iv)! Choose a new question. Canine

24.  Incorrect  No, C is not a Cat! The pelvis in a Cat is more box-shaped than in the dog. Try again! Choose a new question. Feline

25. Correct Yes! C is a male Dog! You can see the Os Penis lying to one side of the spine. Try Female Reproduction Q3! Try Female Reproduction Q3! Choose a new question. Os Penis

26.  Incorrect  No, C is not a female Dog. Hint: look carefully in the sacral spine region. Try again! Choose a new question.

27. Female Reproduction Q3 (i) What is A? – Vestibule Vestibule – Vagina Vagina – Body of Uterus Body of Uterus (ii) What is B? – Uterine Tubes Uterine Tubes – Body of Uterus Body of Uterus – Horns of Uterus Horns of Uterus (iii) What is C? – Ovary Ovary – Kidney Kidney A B C

28. Correct Yes! A is the Vagina! With the introduction of contrast medium, the muscosal folds are visible Try (ii)! Choose a new question. Vagina

29.  Incorrect  No, A is not the vestibule. Remember: the vestibule is located caudal to the pelvis. It contains the urethral orifice. Try again! Choose a new question. Vestibule

30.  Incorrect  No, A is not the Body of the Uterus. The Body of the Uterus is located within the abdomen and is much narrower in diameter. Try again! Choose a new question. Body of the Uterus

31. Correct Yes! B is a Uterine Horn! There are two Uterine Horns which communicate caudally with the single Uterine Body. Try (iii)! Choose a new question. Uterine Horn

32.  Incorrect  No, B is not a Uterine Tube. There are 2 Uterine Tubes which run between the Ovaries and the Uterine Horns. Try again! Choose a new question. Uterine Tube

33.  Incorrect  No, B is not the Body of the Uterus. The Body of the Uterus is a singular structure and is located in the caudal abdomen between the uterine horns and the cervix. Try again! Choose a new question. Body of the Uterus

34. Correct Yes! C is an Ovary! The Ovaries lie close to the caudal poles of the Kidneys. Try Female Reproduction Q4! Choose a new question. Ovary

35.  Incorrect  No, C is not a Kidney. The Kidneys are much larger structures and are in a more cranial location. Try again! Choose a new question. Kidney

36. Female Reproduction Q4 (i) Can you tell what species this is? – Answer. Answer. (ii) Can you tell how many foetuses there are? – Answer. Answer.

37. Answer This is a Cat! Remember: The vertebrae are longer and finer than in the dog. Also the feline pelvis is more box-shaped than the dog although only the cranial aspect is visible in this x-ray (box). Try (ii)! Choose a new question.

38. Answer There are 4 foetuses! The easiest way to work out the number of foetuses present is to count the skulls. Back to the Start!