1. Presented to: REACT Workshop By: Jay Merkle Date:25 June 2008 Federal Aviation Administration High Density Airport Time- based RNAV/RNP NextGen/JPDO Demonstrations 3D Path Arrival Management (PAM) Project

2. 2 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme Table of Contents The Team Executive Summary – What is 3D PAM Project Status Detailed Description of the Concept High Level Schedule

3. 3 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme Team Members NextGen Transportation System Joint Planning and Development Office

4. 4 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme 3D PAM – FAA, NASA and Industry Leads for Coordination: –Marc Buntin - Project Lead –Richard Coppenbarger - EDA Principal Investigator –Ewald Schoemig – FD Concept Lead, FD HITL Sims –Doug Sweet - EDA SW development

5. 5 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme Executive Summary (The Problem) Significant congestion exists today in the arrival and departures streams of medium to large airports Air Traffic Controllers frequently sequence traffic –Diminishes capacity and efficiency –Problem will not improve without intervention 3D Path Arrival Management operational concept is an initial intervention in advance of NextGen 4D trajectory operations to address this problem.

6. 6 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme Executive Summary (The solution – 3D PAM) Efficient and predictable method to deliver aircraft from the TOD to a metering fix: –Requires: New automation support tool (TMA enhancement) and modern FMS Allows the aircraft to fly an efficient, optimized descent arrival trajectory from cruise to meter fix The automation provides the clearance for the ATC to send to an aircraft –Clearance issued via voice (Future: domestic datalink) Clearance is manually loaded into the FMS for execution –The FMS executes the clearance taking advantage of RNAV / RNP capabilities

7. 7 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme 3D PAM Concept Definition Efficient and predictable method to deliver aircraft from the TOD to a metering fix in medium/high traffic demand: New automation support tool (TMA enhancement) and Modern FMS Ground automation provides conflict-free, trajectory-based clearance advisories to ATC –Clearance issued via voice (Future: domestic datalink) Trajectory-based clearances are FMS executed in the airplane: –Utilization of existing aircraft navigation capabilities (LNAV, VNAV, RNP) 3D Path Arrival Management concept is an initial intervention to 4D Trajectory Based Operations, providing efficiency benefits in today’s operational environment

8. 8 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme Primary Expected Benefits Improved flight efficiency: –Reliable / Efficient routing –Optimum speed and altitude profiles –Reduced fuel burn, emissions and environmental impact Operational efficiency improvements: –Improved meter fix delivery accuracies –Delay reduction –Reduced frequency and duration of voice communications Increase controller productivity –Reduced workload from trajectory clearances Increased flight path predictability and repeatability –Flight path execution with airplane navigation accuracies –Improved air/ground situational awareness

9. 9 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme Required Navigation Performance (RNAV/RNP) and 3D Path Operations Operational Environment – Arrival Transition: –Path stretching is required when speed control is insufficient to achieve spacing –ATC uses automation tools to select conflict free path and speed to space traffic –Voice based clearances for all aircraft –FMS execution of cleared flight paths 3D Path Design: –Lateral path design enables FMS-based execution with LNAV, not heading commands RNP En-route: “Place/Bearing/Distance” or lateral offsets Arrival transition: “Place/Bearing/Distance” (PBD) Terminal Area: Pre-defined 3D paths, published and available in air and on ground –Vertical flight path enables VNAV execution by the aircraft: FMS optimizes the vertical profile: Continuous Descent Arrivals (CDA) in high traffic conditions

10. 10 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme Meter Fix Pre-Defined 3D Path Sets in Terminal Area 3D Paths in Arrival Management - Overview Triangular Delay Paths in Center: Waypoint Insertion Using Place-Bearing Distance (PBD)– Cleared Using Voice Path Stretch Start Path Stretch End TOD 3D PAM Target Domain Ground automation maximizes airport throughput and flight efficiency – Computes schedule at runways and meter fixes – Selects cruise/descent speeds and lateral path stretch to meet schedule ATC provides complete flight path from cruise to Meter Fix Allows FMS to fly optimal vertical profile LNAV/RNP/VNAV execution of flight path Enables trajectory-based operations

11. 11 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme Typical Arrival Paths and Vectoring Areas in High Demand Heavy Traffic Flow Through Four Corner Posts Requires Path Stretching ZFW/ZHU Center Boundary Houston TRACON Boundary

12. 12 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme Arrival Management Automation Traffic Management (TMA) and En Route Descent Advisor (EDA) Functions Required: EDA Functionality

13. 13 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme 3D Paths in Arrival Management: Supporting Ground Automation Path-Based Advisory to Meet the Schedule: En-Route Descent Advisor (EDA) Functionality ETA STA Original path EGF586 P/DAS 052 061 P/DAS C/250 D/240 Stretched Path Meter Fix: DAS Flight: EGF586 Distance: 61nm Mag. North Bearing: 52 deg Clearance issued Before TOD Meter Fix Schedule: Traffic Management Advisor (TMA)

14. 14 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme Arrival Management Event Sequence - Center

15. 15 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme 3D PAM – Clearance and Aircraft Types Strategic 3D Path clearances: –Issued after TMA freeze horizon and before TOD –Path stretch based on Place-Bearing Distance (PBD) –Conflict free EDA type advisories consist of new cruise/descent speeds, lateral path stretch, and intermediate altitude (for conflicts only ) Tactical 3D Path clearances – issued if required: –Strategic clearance could not be implemented –EDA time-based monitoring: Meter fix ETA out of compliance –Combined speed and path stretch advisory based on PBD Considered Aircraft Types: Equipage Level Capability 3D PBD capable, LNAV, VNAV and FMC/CDU based cruise/descent speed change 2D PBD capable; Only LNAV Non-equipped No PBD capability, No LNAV, VNAV capabilities

16. 16 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme 3D PAM Core FY08 Activities Project plans for FY08 focuses on four main areas –Development of the overall 3D PAM Concept ATC / Flight deck perspective –Continued development of EDA functionality –Initiation of the Concept Requirements Definition phase of AMS process –Definition of Functional Requirements Specification (Acquisition strategy TBD)

17. 17 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme High Level Schedule FY08 Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4 FY09FY10FY11 Q1Q2Q3Q4 FY12 ATC / FD Centric Simulations OMB / JPDO Demonstrations Fast Time Sims. Metrics ID / Initial Metrics Plan CRD Process IARD Process Flight Trials JRC – 2A Flight Demo (Denver, CO) Integrated Sim Demo Boeing (Seattle, WA) Initial Benefits Analysis All work is being conducted in collaboration with following offices: TMA and ERAM Organizational partners: JPDO, ATO-E, ATO-R, ATO-T JRC-2A lead most likely ATO-E (Acquisition strategy is TBD) Tech Transfer – EDA Functionality

18. 18 Federal Aviation Administration NextGen High Density Airports Theme Summary 3D Paths provide a feasible near term operational concept:  Based on integrated use of current FMS capabilities and advanced ground automation (TMA, EDA-type functionality)  Feasible in today’s operational environment  Provides near term efficiency benefits – enables CDA operations from TOD to meter fix  Crucial step towards Trajectory Based Operations in NextGen  Enables transition to integrated data link operations  Mixed equipage accommodation in future concepts  Initial implementation domain from cruise to meter fixes