1. Seawater Aquaria for Georgia Coastal Marine Life Marine Science Program Savannah State University Dr. M. Gilligan

2. I. Equipment and materials A. System – open and closed A. System – open and closed B. Filtration B. Filtration –1. Mechanical (removes particles) –2. Chemical (buffers) –2. Biological (microbes) C. Substrate - pH regulation C. Substrate - pH regulation D. Water D. Water –1. sea salt mix –2. natural E. Temperature and light E. Temperature and light

3. Every breath you take…..

4. ComponentSymbolVolume NitrogenN2N2 78.084% 99.998% OxygenO2O2 20.947% ArgonAr0.934% Carbon DioxideCO 2 0.033% NeonNe18.2 parts per million HeliumHe5.2 parts per million KryptonKr1.1 parts per million Sulfur dioxideSO 2 1.0 parts per million MethaneCH 4 2.0 parts per million HydrogenH2H2 0.5 parts per million Nitrous OxideN2ON2O0.5 parts per million XenonXe0.09 parts per million OzoneO3O3 0.07 parts per million Nitrogen dioxideNO 2 0.02 parts per million IodineI2I2 0.01 parts per million Carbon monoxideCOtrace AmmoniaNH 3 trace

5. Nitrogen (N) The nitrogen cycle is complex in part because of the many chemical forms of N: Organic-N; NO3; NH4; gases N2, N2O, NO + NO2 (=NOx). The nitrogen cycle is complex in part because of the many chemical forms of N: Organic-N; NO3; NH4; gases N2, N2O, NO + NO2 (=NOx). (NO), Nitric oxide (NO), Nitric oxide (NO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Nitrogen dioxide (N2O), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Nitrous oxide (N2) diatomic oxygen (N2) diatomic oxygen (NO2) nitrite (NO2) nitrite (NO3) nitrate (NO3) nitrate (NH4) ammonia, (NH3-) ammonium (NH4) ammonia, (NH3-) ammonium Accounting - distribution of N in grams times 10 15. Accounting - distribution of N in grams times 10 15. –Rocks and sediments 190,400,120(deep, unavailable) –Atmosphere 3,900,000 –Ocean 23,348 –Soils 460 –Land plants 14 –land animals 0.2

7. Nitrogen Pathways and Reactions: N2 to organic-N; called "N-fixation" (plants and humans) N2 to organic-N; called "N-fixation" (plants and humans) Organic-N to NH4+ ;"mineralization" (by bacteria and fungi) Organic-N to NH4+ ;"mineralization" (by bacteria and fungi) NH4+ to NO3-, producing NO2 and N2O; "nitrification" (by bacteria) NH4+ to NO3-, producing NO2 and N2O; "nitrification" (by bacteria) NO3- to N2, producing N2O ; "denitrification" (by bacteria) NO3- to N2, producing N2O ; "denitrification" (by bacteria) NO3- & NH4+ to organic-N; "photosynthesis" (uptake by plants) NO3- & NH4+ to organic-N; "photosynthesis" (uptake by plants)

9. Eduction pipe lift pump Invented by German mining engineer Carl Loescher in 1797

13. For tropical reef aquaria

14. II. Setting up and cycling A. Tank placement A. Tank placement B. Assembly B. Assembly C. Cycling C. Cycling –http://saltaquarium.about.com/gi/dynamic/off site.htm?zi=1/XJ&sdn=saltaquarium&zu=http %3A%2F%2Freefsources.itgo.com%2Fguide %2Fbiological.html

15. III. Animals and plants A. How many? A. How many? B. What kinds? - Fish, crabs, shrimp, barnacles, oysters, sea shells, anemones, gorgonians, starfish, urchins, worms, sand dollars, algae (sea weeds). Avoid: sea cucumbers, sponges, and large fish. B. What kinds? - Fish, crabs, shrimp, barnacles, oysters, sea shells, anemones, gorgonians, starfish, urchins, worms, sand dollars, algae (sea weeds). Avoid: sea cucumbers, sponges, and large fish.

16. IV. Maintenance A. Evaporation and water changes A. Evaporation and water changes B. Cleaning B. Cleaning C. Feeding C. Feeding D. Problems and tips D. Problems and tips –1. Cloudy water and mortalities –2. Diseases and copper –3. Water color

17. VI. Collecting your own specimens A. Collecting A. Collecting –Temperature, aeration, biomass/vol. B. Handling and transporting B. Handling and transporting –Containers – dark and insulated

18. VII. Maintaining and feeding Community tank Community tank –No questionable additions –Do not feed for three days –Feed M,W, F only –No uneaten food, dead or decaying matter in tank at all –Return all unhealthy to nature OR have intensive care tank