1. CONCRETE ROADS FOR LOW TRAFFIC VOLUMES Brian Walker BCP Engineers

2. Advantages Of Concrete Roads Ideal for emerging contractors Low capital costs on plant Can be laid on very steep grades Little or no layerworks required Low maintenance costs

3. Ideal for emerging contractors

4. Low Capital Costs on Plant

5. Can be laid on very steep grades - - greater than 25%

6. Little or No Layerworks

7. Low maintenance costs

8. Some Problems With Concrete Roads Incorrect aspect ratios Irregular shaped panels Settlement of fills Late saw cutting of joints Plastic shrinkage cracks

9. Incorrect aspect ratio of panel - Must be less than 1.2

10. Irregular shaped panels

11. Settlement of Fills Late Saw Cutting of Joints

12. Plastic shrinkage cracking

13. Other Types Of Concrete Roads Rollcrete Interlocking concrete blocks

14. Rollcrete

15. Interlocking Concrete Blocks

16. Some Concrete Road Projects

17. Wiggins Umkhumbane

18. Brooks Farm

19. Cato Manor

20. Westrich

21. Cost Comparisons Asphalt/concrete S-BG2Premix25 Mpa Conc. Total AsphaltR25R28R21R0R74 Conc.R0 R87.50

22. Summary Lower maintenance costs Helping emerging contractors Low capital cost of plant Ideal for steep grades Can reduce the cost of drainage Reduced requirement for scarce layerwork material

23. How Not To Build A Road Inappropriate surfacing Combined with no maintenance