1. Session 5 – Young Earth Evidence
We will not turn our focus to evidences that fit
well into the framework that the earth is young
Those who hold to the earth being billions of
years old have explanations for some of
these “evidences”
We will look at some of their explanations,
and see which model (Young/Old) better
explains the evidence

2. Carbon-14 found in Coal, Diamonds, and Fossil wood is one evidence
In responding to Old Earth Evidence we have already discussed several evidences that the earth is young
Carbon-14 found in Coal, Diamonds, and Fossil wood is one evidence
The lack of older trees (such as bristle cone pines) is also evidence they haven’t been growing for tens of thousands of years
Direct measurements show the largest coral is only thousands of years old, when they could be older

3. Helium diffusion in Zircon crystals showed evidence that the earth was young
What are some new evidences that we haven’t looked at that indicate the earth is young

4. Faint sun paradox
There is a false argument the earth is young based on the sun shrinking, but there is a good argument based on the composition changing

5. The more the sun changes into helium,
The sun produces energy/heat from thermal nuclear reactions inside it’s core
The suns composition is changing from hydrogen to helium through this process
The more the sun changes into helium,
the denser the core of the sun gets
When the core of the sun gets dense, the rate
of nuclear reactions goes up, and the
temperature of the sun rises

6. (-3°C).” -Dr Danny R. Faulkner
“if the Sun is indeed 4.6 billion years old, it should have brightened by nearly 40% over this time… Evolutionists maintain that life appeared on the Earth around 3.8 billion years ago. Since then, the Sun would have brightened about 25%.... we find that a 25% increase in solar luminosity increases the average temperature of the Earth by about 18°C. Since the current average temperature of the Earth is 15°C, the average temperature of the Earth 3.8 billion years ago would have been below freezing
(-3°C).” -Dr Danny R. Faulkner

7. - Decrease in temperature would cause snow/ice to cover the planet…
- Increase snow/ice would increase reflectivity and drive the temperature down even more!
This does not prove the earth cannot be that old, but it does give a problem to life arising billion of years ago, and fits into our view of the earth being young

8. This problem is still so difficult to resolve in the old-earth view that the Space Telescope Science Institute hosted a two-day symposium in hopes of starting to find a solution to it.
The symposium was entitled “The Faint Early Sun: Paradox, Problem, or Distraction?,” 
“According to standard solar models, at a billion years of age the sun had something like 75% of today’s luminosity, and under those conditions, we would get the earth freezing over and it wouldn’t recover because it would have a high albedo.”
Dr. David Soderblom:

9. Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Ammonia
Responses?
Different atmosphere with more green house gases to warm the earth up
Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Ammonia
Some suggested that life only was centered around a very narrow band of the equator which was able to stay heated (fossil records doesn’t agree…)
Some say our planet used to be closer to sun
(no evidence)

10. Lunar Recession

11. “The rate at which the earth-moon distance is presently increasing is actually being measured at about 4 centimeters a year... this gives an upper limit of 1.4 billion years.” – Dr. Donald Young

12. The Roche limited would prevent the moon from contacting the earth
The time become a bit less than 1.4 billion
years (around 1.2 billion years)

13. It fits our theory without a hypothetical situation
This is a problem that is hard to ignore for
those who hold to an old earth
They have some responses that are model dependant and hypothetical
They say the continents were aligned in a very specific way that made tidal forces weaker on earth for billions of years and only recently did this fast recession rate start
It fits our theory without a
hypothetical situation

14. Long period comets: Comets that have an orbiting period greater than
Short Period Comets
Short period comets: Comets that have an orbiting period less than 200 years
Long period comets: Comets that have an orbiting period greater than
200 years
Short period comets have a life span (on average) of less than 10,000 years

15. Why do we have these short period comets then?
They claim they come from the Kuiper Belt
The Kuiper Belt is a group of comets between Neptune and Pluto that orbit the sun life the planets do
Occasionally one of the comets can be thrown into the inner solar system

16. The problem with this idea is that the Kuiper belt would need potentially millions of comets to do the job… We haven’t found even 1,000
The size of the objects within the belt don’t even line up with that of the comets we see
To solve the problem of not having enough comets in the belt, they say the belt is continually replenished (refilled)
by the Oort Cloud

17. There are other problems…
The Oort Cloud
“Many scientific papers are written each year about the Oort Cloud, its properties, its origin, its evolution. Yet there is not yet a shred of direct observational evidence for its existence.” (Carl Sagan)
There are other problems…

18. “There are problems with the Oort cloud; the greatest being that there is absolutely no evidence that it even exists! However, a recent study has revealed a new problem. Evolutionary theories of the origin of the solar system state that comet nuclei came from material left over from the formation of the planets. According to the theory, this icy material was sent out to the Oort cloud in the outer reaches of the solar system by the gravity of the newly formed planets.

19. All of the earlier studies ignored collisions between the comet nuclei during this process. This new study has considered these collisions and has found that most of the comets would have been destroyed by the collisions. Thus, instead of having a combined mass of perhaps 40 Earths, the Oort cloud should have at most the mass of about a single Earth.” - Dr Danny R. Faulkner
The supply they need the Oort cloud to have is not there even if we accept their theory

20. Number of super nova remnants
“According to astronomical observations, galaxies like our own experience about one supernova (a violently-exploding star) every 25 years. The gas and dust remnants from such explosions (like the Crab Nebula) expand outward rapidly and should remain visible for over a million years. Yet the nearby parts of our galaxy in which we could observe such gas and dust shells contain only about 200 supernova remnants. That number is consistent with only about 7,000 years worth of supernovas.” Dr. Russell Humphreys

21. Enceladus (moon of Saturn)
Parts of our solar system indicate
they are young
Enceladus (moon of Saturn)

22. Around 2005 the Cassini spacecraft discovered that there were huge geysers on the moon ejecting water vapor and icy particles into space at supersonic speeds.
The first question is, how is this small moon producing enough heat if it really is billions of years old, to keep the water inside the planet warm and liquid (why isn’t it solid cold ice)

23. one percent of the age assigned by the
James Roberts and Francis Nimmo of the University of California modeled the moon’s interior and found that it would have frozen in only 30 million years, which is less than
one percent of the age assigned by the
nebular theory.
There are several answers they give to try to explain this, radioactive decay heating the planet, tidal forces possibly from other moons or Saturn itself

24. It is the most geological active body in the
Io (Moon of Jupiter)
The Galileo mission recorded 80 active volcanoes on this moon of Jupiter.
It is the most geological active body in the
solar system
First question is why hasn’t it frozen solid (same argument as Enceladus) where is all the heat coming from

25. It’s hard to imagine how Io could be this
active for 4.5 billions years
If Io had been erupting over 4.5 billion years at even 10% of its current rate, it would have erupted its entire mass 40 times. Io looks like a young moon and does not fit with the supposed billions of year’s age for the solar system.
At today’s rate it would have erupted it’s
entire mass 400 times over

26. Mountains on Venus
If I were to ask you what the hottest planet in our solar system is what would you say? Most people think logically that the hottest planet must be the one closest to the sun; however this is not the case in our solar system.
Venus’s atmosphere is 860 degrees F because of greenhouse gases present there

27. Venus has very high mountains on its surface, one mountain Maat Mons, rises higher than Earth’s Mount Everest does above sea level, and this mountain (along with other mountains) have steep slopes sometimes.
Venus’s surface is so hot that it should be extremely weak and tar-like by now due to the melting from the heat

28. . Lead melts at the temperature of 622 Degrees F, and Zinc melts at 787 Degrees F, which are both melting points under the temperature of Venus’s atmosphere.
If Venus was 4.5 billions years old, the heat from the atmosphere would have soaked deeply into the planet to weaken its subsurface rocks. This means the planet shouldn’t be able to support these size mountain, and shouldn’t be able to maintain the slopes on the mountains that we see

29. Memory Verse