1. Types of Waves

2. Waves
Water waves
Light waves
Sound waves
Seismic waves

3. Wave nature of light
Amplitude- The height of the wave.

4. Wave characteristics of light
Frequency and wavelength are inversely related
c = λν Or
V=fλ
c or V= 3.0 x 108 m/s
λ= wavelength (m)
v or f= frequency (Hertz= Hz)

5. Types of Waves
Longitudinal Wave (Compression)- Vibrates parallel (in the same direction) to the wave traveling.
Ex: Sound Waves
Particles bump into each other
Compression- Particles get closer together.
Rarefaction- Particles becoming thinner or more spread out.
The opposite of compressions.

6. Period- The time it takes for 1 full wave to pass.
Transverse- Vibrate perpendicular (at right angles) to the wave traveling.
Particles move up and down while wave moves left to right.
Period- The time it takes for 1 full wave to pass.
Period= 1 / Frequency
Units: Seconds / Wave

7. Properties of Waves 1) Reflection: Hitting a barrier.
RADAR- Send out EM waves and they bounce back.
2) Refraction: Bending a wave when the medium through which it travels changes.
Submarines use refraction in order not to be detected.

8. 3) Diffraction- Spreading of waves
Bending waves around obstacles and openings.
Owls use this to communicate over long distances
4) Interference- Reinforcement or canceling of waves.
Constructive
Destructive

9. Doppler Effect
An apparent shift in frequency for a sound wave produced by a moving source.
Shift in frequency + wavelength of waves which results from a source moving with respect to the medium.
Works for all types of waves including light.
Red shift - Occurs when the source + observer are moving away from each other.
Blue shift- Occurs when the source + observer are moving towards each other.

12. Electromagnetic Spectrum

13. Visible Light Red – Longest wave, lowest energy Orange Yellow Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet – Shortest Wave, highest energy

14. Line Spectrum

15. Seeing Color Retina- Made up of two types of cells that absorb light.
Cones- Distinguish colors and detailed shapes; most effective in daytime vision.
Rods- Sensitive to dim light; most effective in nighttime vision.
Color Blindness- Results when one or more sets of cones do not function properly.