1. Section2

2. Clinical Approaches of MSCs

3. Tissue engineering Gene & Cell therapy

4. Encapsulated cell biodelivery

5. Cell based therapies:  Regenerative therapy to treat Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, spinal cord injury, stroke, severe burns, heart disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis  Stem cells in gene therapy  Stem cells as vehicles after they have been genetically manipulated  Stem cells in cancer Potential uses

7. according to the World Health Organization, traumatic brain injury (TBI) will surpass many diseases as the major cause of death and disability.It is estimated that 10 million people are affected annually by TBI, with the highest incidence among persons 15 to 24 years of age and 75 years and older. Since TBI may result in lifelong impairment of an individual's physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning, and given the absence of a cure, TBI is a disorder of major public health significance. Traumatic brain injury

9. Current therapies in neurotrauma aim particularly to prevent brain edema, raised intracranial pressure, ischemic damage and in bleedings. most of the mentioned therapies are associated with problems and are thought as a complementation of the existing therapies. Stem cell therapy aims not only for receiving brain tissue and functions but also for restoring of both. So, stem cell therapies may possess the most effective potential for neuronal and functional recovery.

10.  Inflammation  Repair  Remodeling Stages of fracture healing

13. Phase 1: -proof of safety Phase 2: -proof of efficacy Phase 3: -proof of clinical usability Clinical trials

14. Thanks for your attention

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16.  Docheva, D., Haasters, F., Schieker, M. (2008) Mesenchymal stem cells and their cell surface receptors. Current Rheumatology Reviews. 4: 1-6  Dominici, M., Le Blanc, K., Mueller, I., Slaper-Cortenbach, I., Marini, F., Krause, D., et al. (2006) Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy. 8:315-317  Lee, K. D. (2008) Applications of mesenchymal stem cells: an updated review. Chang Gung Medicine. 31: 228-36  Martinez, C., Hofmann, T. J., Marino, R., Dominici, M., Horwitz, E. M. (2007) Human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells express the neural ganglioside GD2: a novel surface marker for the identification of MSCs. Blood. 109: 4245-4248  Muraglia, A., Cancedda, R., Quarto, R. (2000). Clonal mesenchymal progenitors from human bone marrow differentiate in vitro according to a hierarchical model. Journal of Cell Science. 113: 1161–1166  Nauta, A. J., Fibbe, W. E. (2007) Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal cells. Blood. 110: 3499-3506

17.  Pittenger, M. F., Mackay, A. M., Beck, S. C., Jaiswal, R. K., Douglas, R., Mosca, J. D., et al. (1999) Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 284:143 -147  Rastegar, F., Shenaq, D., Huang, J., Zhang, W., Zhang, B. Q., He, B. C., et al. (2010). Mesenchymal stem cells: Molecular characteristics and clinical applications.World Journal of stem Cells. 2(4): 67-80  Song, H., Chang, W., song, B. W., Hwang, K. C. (2011) Specific differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by small molecules. American Journal Stem Cell. 1(1):22-30  Sethe, S., Scutt, A., Stolzing, A. (2006) Aging of mesenchymal stem cells. Ageing Research Reviews. 5: 91-116